2021-2022學(xué)年上海市浦東新區(qū)建平中學(xué)高三（下）月考英語(yǔ)試卷（3月份）

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks， use one word that best fits each blank.

• 1．Tall，young and active November 14，1963 was a cold morning.This was nothing out of the ordinary for the fisherman.They were used to the winter weather around Iceland.Suddenly，however，they saw something unusual.Thick，black smoke was pouring out of the sea.（1）

  （think） a boat was on fire，they raced toward it.Yet as they got closer，they realized it was （2）

  quite different.Magma （巖漿） was rubbing away from the ocean floor.The fishermen watched as a new island rose from the sea.This island，later （3）

  （name） Surtsey，joined the thousands of volcanic islands worldwide.
      The island of Hawaii is one of the most well-known volcanic islands.Lava （熔巖） from multiple volcanoes built this island.One of these volcanoes is Mauna Kea.Mauna Kea began under the ocean over 1 million years ago.Magma broke through the Earth's crust- that is，the outer layer of the earth. （4）

  the magma cooled，it formed an underwater mountain.About 100，000 years ago，the mountain rose （5）

  sea level.Eruption （噴發(fā)） then became more frequent and more violent.Layers of lava hardened into rock.Now，Mauna Kea （6）

  （measure） 9，966 meters from ocean floor to mountain peak，making it the world's highest mountain.
      Fortunately for Hawaiians，Mauna Kea volcano is quiet - for the time being.（7）

  volcano on the same island is anything but quiet.Kilauea is smaller than Mauna Kea.However，it has erupted nonstop since 1983 and is the world's most active volcano， （8）

  produces between 300，000 and 600，000 m² of lava every day.Over the past two decades.It （9）

  （add） more than 540 acres to the island.In spite of the danger，it is a popular tourist attraction.Yet， （10）

  this popular tourist attraction contributes to the Hawaiian economy financially also comes at a cost.Kilauea is responsible for taking both lives and homes.
  組卷：4引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．

  A.conquered B.crossing C.embarrass D.fooling E.hugely F.independent G.licensed H.jye.ai I.subconsciously J.tripping K.typical

  What makes a problem "hard"？
  There is a saying in the filed of artificial intelligence： "Hard things are easy；easy things are hard." Activities that most people find very hard，such as playing chess or doing highest mathematics，have given way fairly readily to computation，yet many tasks that humans find easy or even trivial resist being （1）

  by machines.
     Twenty-five years ago Garry Kasparov became the first chess grand master to lose to computer.Today computer programs can beat the world's best players at poker and Go，what music and even pass the famous Turing test （2）

  people into thinking they are talking another human.Yet computers still struggle to do things most of us human beings find easy，what can （3）

  even the most advanced machines，such as learning to speak our native tongue or predicting from body language whether a pedestrian is about to cross the street - something that human drivers do （4）

  .
     AI researchers will tell you that chess turned out to be comparatively easy because it follows （5）

  rules that create a finite number of possible plays.Predicting the intentions of a pedestrian，however，is a more complex and fluid task that is had to reduce to rules.No doubt that is true，but I think there is a bigger lesson in the AI experience that applies to more urgent problems.Let's call it the vaccine-vaccination paradox.
     Anyone familiar with biology is （6）

  impressed by the scientific work that in under a year yielded astonishingly effective vaccines to fight COVID-19.Yet even several months after the vaccines were （7）

  for use，it is extremely hard to get all the countries fully vaccinated，especially in some part of the western world.The hard task of creating a vaccine proved relatively easy；the easy task of vaccination has proved very hard.
     Maybe it is time to rethink our categories.We call the physical sciences "hard" because they deal with issues that are mostly（8）

  of the changes of human nature；they often laws that （at least in the right circumstances） yield exact answers.But physics and chemistry will never tell us how to design an effective vaccination program or solve the problem of the（9）

  pedestrian，in part because they do not help us comprehend human behavior.The social sciences rarely yield exact answers.But that does not make them easy.When it comes to solving real-life problems，it is the supposedly straightforward ones that seem to be（10）

  us.The vaccine-vaccination paradox suggests that the truly hard sciences are those that involve human behavior.
  組卷：6引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

III. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage， there are four words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 3．No business would welcome being compared to Big Tobacco or gambling.Yet that is what is happening to makers of video games.For years parents have casually complained that their offspring are "addicted" to their smartphones.Today， （1）

  ，ever more doctors have using the term literally.
     On January 1^st "gaming disorder" — in which games are played （2）

  ，despite causing harm — gains recognition from the Worth Health Organization.A few months ago China，the world's biggest gaming market，announced new rules limiting children to just a single hour of play a day.Western politicians worry publicly about some games' similarity to gambling.Clinics are sprouting around the world，promising to cure patients of their habit.
     Are games really addictive？Psychologists are（3）

  .The case for the defence is that this is just another moral panic.Killjoys in the past issued（4）

  serious warnings about television，rock 'n' roll，jazz，comic books，and even novels.As the newest form of mass media，gaming is merely enduring its own time in the stocks before it eventually ceases to be controversial.Furthermore，defenders argue，the criteria used to diagnose gaming addiction are too （5）

  .Obsessive gaming，they suggest，is as likely to be a symptom （of depression，say） as a disorder in its own right.
     The prosecution refutes that，unlike rock bands or novelists，games developers have both the motive and the means to engineer their products to make them （6）

  .The motive arises from a business-model shift.Many use a "free-mium" model，in which the game is free and money is made from purchases of in-game goods.That （7）

  playtime directly to profits.The means is a combination of psychological theory and data that helps games-makers （8）

  that playtime.Psychologists already know quite a lot about the sorts of things that animals，including humans，find rewarding.Smartphones use their permanent internet connections to send gameplay data back to developers.That allows products to be constantly fine-tuned to （9）

  spending.
     While psychologists argue about the finer points of what exactly counts as addiction，the industry should recognize that，in the real world，it has a problem.Clinics are already reporting booming business，as lock-downs have given gamers more time to spend with their hobby.The regulatory climate for tech is getting （10）

  .And being associated in the public mind，fairly or not，with gambling and tobacco will not do the industry any favours.
     It would be wise to get ahead of the discussion.A good place to start would be with hard data.Many of the studies supporting the opinion that games are addictive in a （11）

  sense are not clear：they rely on self-reported symptoms，contested diagnostic criteria，and so on.Even basic questions about the amount of time and money spent by users are hard to answer.The industry has an abundance of （12）

  that could help.But gaming firms mostly keep details of how gamers behave（13）

  ，citing commercial sensitivity.
     In the long run，that will prove unwise.Gaming firms should make more of their data available to researchers.If — as seems likely — worries about addictiveness are （14）

  ，it is hard to think of a clearer way of showing it.And if not，it is better for firms to recognize the problem now and do something about it （15）

  .The alternative is that regulators will force them to act.And once a government is seized by a fit of moral panic，it can lash out.
  
  

  （1）	A．however	B．therefore	C．still	D．instead
  （2）	A．superbly	B．compulsively	C．brilliantly	D．proportionately
  （3）	A．split	B．determined	C．diversified	D．misunderstood
  （4）	A．directly	B．jointly	C．similarly	D．formally
  （5）	A．loose	B．objective	C．basic	D．strict
  （6）	A．valuable	B．marketable	C．a(chǎn)ccessible	D．irresistible
  （7）	A．a(chǎn)pplies	B．ties	C．a(chǎn)dds	D．draws
  （8）	A．control	B．reduce	C．maximize	D．restrict
  （9）	A．cut	B．boost	C．finance	D．balance
  （10）	A．milder	B．damper	C．gentler	D．chillier
  （11）	A．broad	B．legal	C．technical	D．medical
  （12）	A．data	B．time	C．wealth	D．leisure
  （13）	A．open	B．secret	C．independent	D．reliable
  （14）	A．overblown	B．shared	C．eased	D．dismissed
  （15）	A．reluctantly	B．thoroughly	C．voluntarily	D．a(chǎn)dequately
  組卷：13引用：2難度：0.3

  解析

Section BDirections： Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

• 4．Infectious disease is all around us.Disease-causing agents，such as viruses，usually have specific targets.Some viruses affect only humans；other viruses live in or affect only animals.Problems start when animal viruses are able to infect people as well，a process known as zoonosis.When an animal virus passes to a human，the results can be fatal.Often our immune systems are not accustomed to these viruses and are unable to stop them before they harm us，and even kill us.
     In the last three decades，more than 30 zoonotic diseases have emerged around the globe.HIV is an example.It evolved from a virus originally carried by African monkeys，and later chimps.Today conservative estimates suggest that HIV has infected more than 70 million people in the past three decades，though this number may be higher.SARS，a type of flu that jumped from chickens to humans is another type of zoonotic disease.
     But how do these viruses pass from animals to humans？Contact is crucial.Human destruction of animal habitats，for example，is forcing wild animals to move closer to places people live - putting humans at risk for exposure to animal viruses.The closer humans are to animals，the greater the risk of being bitten，scratched or exposed to animal waste which can enable a virus to pass from an animal to a human.Raising animals （for example，on a farm） or keeping certain kinds of animal and wild animals （like monkeys） as pets increases the risk of exposure.Eating animals that are diseased can also result in the virus being transmitted.
     The factor that is probably most responsible for the spread of some zoonotic diseases worldwide is international travel.In 1999，for example，a deadly disease - one that had never been seen before in the western hemisphere - appeared in the United States.There were several incidences that year of both birds and people becoming sick and dying in New York City，and doctors could not explain why.Subsequently，they discovered that the deaths had been caused by the same thing：the West Nile virus，found typically in birds and transmitted by mosquitoes that live in parts of northern Africa.Somehow this virus probably carried by an infected mosquito or bird on a plane or ship arrived in the US.Now，birds and mosquitoes native to North America are carriers of this virus as well.
     Today researchers are working to create vaccines for many of these zoonotic diseases in the hope of controlling their impact on humans.Other specialists are trying to make communities more aware of disease prevention and treatment and to help people understand that we are all-humans，animals，and insects-in this together.
  
  （1）Which of the following ways of transmitting disease is called zoonotic？

  
  A．A flu from a mother to a child.
  B．Viruses from a monkey to a boy.
  C．A cough from one student to another.
  D．Blood from one person to another.
  （2）According to the passage，what is most probably to blame for zoonotic diseases which spread wide？

  
  A．Exposure to animal waste and sneezes.
  B．Raising pets at home and shaking hands.
  C．Contact with animals and long distance travel.
  D．Being scratched by animals and stung by mosquitoes.
  （3）We can infer from the passage that

  .
  A．a(chǎn) zoonotic disease is complicated but curable
  B．a(chǎn)nimals prefer places close to where people live
  C．vaccines are effective in dealing with any kind of disease
  D．education can help address the potential infections disease
  （4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？

  
  A．The travel that is fatal
  B．The virus that threatens
  C．The diseases that dominates
  D．The vaccines that are being developed
  組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

• 11．正是這部作品中蘊(yùn)含的深刻社會(huì)意義才得以讓它歷久彌新，雅俗共賞。（It） （漢譯英）
  組卷：4引用：1難度：0.4

  解析

• 12．外婆坐在陽(yáng)光下，一只手臂摟著我，那一刻我恍然間意識(shí)到自己已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大。（when） （漢譯英）
  組卷：7引用：1難度：0.3

  解析