Infectious disease is all around us.Disease-causing agents，such as viruses，usually have specific targets.Some viruses affect only humans；other viruses live in or affect only animals.Problems start when animal viruses are able to infect people as well，a process known as zoonosis.When an animal virus passes to a human，the results can be fatal.Often our immune systems are not accustomed to these viruses and are unable to stop them before they harm us，and even kill us.
In the last three decades，more than 30 zoonotic diseases have emerged around the globe.HIV is an example.It evolved from a virus originally carried by African monkeys，and later chimps.Today conservative estimates suggest that HIV has infected more than 70 million people in the past three decades，though this number may be higher.SARS，a type of flu that jumped from chickens to humans is another type of zoonotic disease.
But how do these viruses pass from animals to humans？Contact is crucial.Human destruction of animal habitats，for example，is forcing wild animals to move closer to places people live - putting humans at risk for exposure to animal viruses.The closer humans are to animals，the greater the risk of being bitten，scratched or exposed to animal waste which can enable a virus to pass from an animal to a human.Raising animals （for example，on a farm） or keeping certain kinds of animal and wild animals （like monkeys） as pets increases the risk of exposure.Eating animals that are diseased can also result in the virus being transmitted.
The factor that is probably most responsible for the spread of some zoonotic diseases worldwide is international travel.In 1999，for example，a deadly disease - one that had never been seen before in the western hemisphere - appeared in the United States.There were several incidences that year of both birds and people becoming sick and dying in New York City，and doctors could not explain why.Subsequently，they discovered that the deaths had been caused by the same thing：the West Nile virus，found typically in birds and transmitted by mosquitoes that live in parts of northern Africa.Somehow this virus probably carried by an infected mosquito or bird on a plane or ship arrived in the US.Now，birds and mosquitoes native to North America are carriers of this virus as well.
Today researchers are working to create vaccines for many of these zoonotic diseases in the hope of controlling their impact on humans.Other specialists are trying to make communities more aware of disease prevention and treatment and to help people understand that we are all-humans，animals，and insects-in this together.
（1）Which of the following ways of transmitting disease is called zoonotic？ BB
A．A flu from a mother to a child.
B．Viruses from a monkey to a boy.
C．A cough from one student to another.
D．Blood from one person to another.
（2）According to the passage，what is most probably to blame for zoonotic diseases which spread wide？ CC
A．Exposure to animal waste and sneezes.
B．Raising pets at home and shaking hands.
C．Contact with animals and long distance travel.
D．Being scratched by animals and stung by mosquitoes.
（3）We can infer from the passage that DD.
A．a(chǎn) zoonotic disease is complicated but curable
B．a(chǎn)nimals prefer places close to where people live
C．vaccines are effective in dealing with any kind of disease
D．education can help address the potential infections disease
（4）Which of the following might be the best title of the passage？ BB
A．The travel that is fatal
B．The virus that threatens
C．The diseases that dominates
D．The vaccines that are being developed
【答案】B；C；D；B
【解答】
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
聲明：本試題解析著作權(quán)屬菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)所有，未經(jīng)書面同意，不得復(fù)制發(fā)布。
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5
相似題
-
1．How to Improve Your Memory The human brain is extremely complex and powerful． （1）
Here are 3 simple things that will help you improve your memory and keep it going strong into your old age．
Get plenty of exercise and rest．
Exercise isn't just good for your physical body，but it is also good for your brain．Exercise increases the amount of oxygen that gets to your brain．（2）When you exercise，your brain produces certain chemicals that help to protect your brain cells．Rest is also an important part of improving your memory．Studies show that key memory improvement happens when you are in those deep stages of sleep，so go to bed early every night．
Have a good laugh as often as you can．
Not only is laughter good for the soul，it is also good for the brain and can help improve your memory．
（3）This helps you to learn more and be more creative．So，go ahead and belt out a good laugh．Not only will others join you，but you will feel much better after doing it．
（4）
Stress has a bad effect on your body，especially the brain．If you let stress stay，it can destroy your brain cells and cause damage to the part of the brain responsible for creating new memories and remembering old ones．So，stay away from stress．It's bad for you．If you are feeling a little stressed，go outside and take a little walk around． （5）
A．Avoid stress．
B．Change your behavior．
C．It also helps to reduce memory loss
D．This will make you feel ten times better．
E．When you laugh you excite many areas of your brain．
F．The health of your brain directly shows how strong your memory is．
G．The human brain is like a muscle and can be trained．發(fā)布：2025/1/1 17:30:2組卷：0引用：2難度：0.5 -
2．Winter is often bitterly cold，which often makes us stay indoors more instead of heading out to exercise．Worse still，there are many viruses doing their best to make you sick．And sneezing，coughing and nose blowing make the rooms a habitat for viruses． （1）
．Touching a doorknob or shaking a hand may make you get sick．Although it may sound terrible，there are still some things you can do to avoid viruses．Here are several simple tips to stay healthy in winters．
Wash your hands
You pick up viruses everywhere and they live on your hands，so wash your hands and do it often．（2）But if that's not available，use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer （消毒殺菌劑）．
（3）．Avoid touching your eyes，nose and mouth with your hands．That's one way viruses can get into your body．
Get the flu shot （疫苗）
（4），but getting the flu shot lowers your chances of getting the flu．For example，getting the flu shot last year resulted in a 34% lower risk of coming down with the flu．
Avoid sick people
（5）．Viruses spread very easily through the air，so keep at least six feet between you and the sneezing，sniffling and coughing person．
A．It's no guarantee
B．Take care of your face
C．Keep your hands away from your face
D．The best way is to use regular soap and water
E．It is easy for viruses to spread from person to person
F．If someone around you is sick，then keep your distance
G．Because there are always some unexpected things in life發(fā)布：2025/1/1 15:0:2組卷：13引用：4難度：0.5 -
3．What is cross country running？Cross country is an outdoor endurance（耐久性）sport that can be mentally challenging and fun.（1）
You're not only putting one foot in front of the other；you're also thinking ahead to barriers and changes in the trail or course.
（2）However，before you begin training and racing，you should be aware of potential injuries and how to avoid them.How can you prevent cross country running injuries？The best ways for outdoor runners to stay healthy include the following running tips：
Stretch daily.For all runners and athletes，a regular stretching routine is an important part of conditioning.（3）
Warm up and cool down.Muscles and tendons（跟腱）are less likely to overstretch or tear if they've been properly prepared for running and racing.High-intensity workouts require more prep and post-workout cool down than low-impact activities.
Wear the right shoes.Make sure your shoes fit properly and that they are neither too tight-fitting nor too loose.（4）
Eat and drink enough.Competitive distance runners like to keep their weight low.However，consuming too few calories can harm your body，especially if you're a girl or woman subject to eating disorders.（5）It's effective to prevent injury and heat illness.Remember that especially in full sun or in humid regions of the state，you particularly tend to have heat stroke.Drink plenty of water before and after running.
A.Cross country running is a sport requiring money.
B.Tie double-knots to prevent tripping over undone laces.
C.It's mostly very safe in comparison to other team sports.
D.Have a well-balanced diet and be sure to stay well-hydrated.
E.You may encounter unexpected，non-natural barriers.
F.It is needed to keep your bones，joints，and muscles healthy.
G.This type of running and racing has both a physical and psychological role.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 15:30:1組卷：3引用：2難度：0.5