2021年上海市黃浦區(qū)高考英語三模試卷

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections： After reading the passage below， fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word， fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word； for the other blanks. use one word that best fits each blank.

• 1．Are you being true to yourself？ Are you being true to yourself？Is it a case of "what you see is what you get " or is there a mismatch between how you appear to others and the way you feel inside？
      For most people.jye.ai answer is："it depends".We're ourselves with some people，but put on a facade with others.More often than not，when we wear a mask，it's to protect（1）

  .But we put on a show of bravery and confidence（2）

  （hide）the fact that we're trembling inside.We laugh and smile to please others when inwardly（3）

  （be）bored resentful or sad.
      You'd think the extent to（4）

  we present ourselves falsely would depend merely（5）

  our personality or our circumstances，but new research suggests we become more true to ourselves "as we get older-or at least we think we do.
      Two US psychologist sent questionnaires to over 250 volunteers and asked them to rate how true they are to themselves."True self"，or（6）

  you really are，was defined as："Being made up of the characteristics，roles，or attributes that define yourself，（7）

  those characteristics are different than how you sometimes act in your daily life."
      Participants were asked to indicate （8）

  overlap there was between their true self in the past，how they believe they are today，and how they perceived they will be in the future.A clear trend emerged -most people believed they were closer to their true self now than they（9）

  （be）in the past，and that the gap would close even more as they got older.What's more，the participants believed their quest for happiness would increase as they became （10）

  （authentic）.
  組卷：43引用：1難度：0.3

  解析

Section BDirections： Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.

• 2．A.adopting B.delight C.differently D.employ E.help F.instructed G.predicted H.regulate I.routine J.shitting K.surprisingly
  All Weekends Can Be Holidays There is a reason most people return to work Monday feeling no better than they did Friday afternoon.Exhaustion and stress on the job are problems for two out of three workers，and weekends usually aren't much（1）

  studies show.
     New research suggests（2）

  simple solution：Pretend your weekend is a vacation.
     People（3）

  to adopt a vacation mindset on the weekend returned to work feeling happier and more refreshed，without spending any additional money or time off，according to research on nearly 1，000 full-time workers at the University of California，Los Angeles.Although participants spent a little more time in eating and staying with loved ones，researchers found after controlling the results for specific behaviors that just one factor-their increased focus on the present moment，or mindfulness（4）

  greater happiness."Merely（5）

  how you're thinking can have these wonderful effects on your emotional experience and your time，" says Cassie Mogilner Holmes，a researcher on the project.
     This doesn't always require changing your normal weekend（6）

  .It may mean just thinking about and prioritizing activities（7）

  .Interviews with a dozen people who consciously cultivate mindfulness on the weekend offer insights into the time-management and planning skills they（8）

  .
     Mindfulness has been shown in research to improve self-control，helping people（9）

  their emotions.Those who enjoy vacations tend to take great（10）

  in positive emotions，expanding feelings of joy and happiness，according to a 2018 study of 42 vacationers.
  組卷：13引用：1難度：0.9

  解析

Ill. Reading ComprehensionsSection ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A， B，C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.

• 3．Reading is not an instinct.As children，we have to start from scratch.We wire our brains to read by gradually enhancing links between the critical areas：those that recognise the visual form of letters，those that tell us what a word sounds like and how you（1）

  say it，and so on.
     Writing by hand helps to form these brain（2）

  .When we learn how to write，we use parts of the brain known as the motor cortices that control physical movements.When we read，those same areas are activated- suggesting we basically write words in our minds as we（3）

  them.
     Karin James of Indiana University in Bloomington has found that young children can recognise new letters more readily when they learn that letters by writing them，（4）

  by typing or tracing.James has also shown that some brain regions that light up when adults read also become active in children（5）

  letters they've learned to print by hand- but not in children who've learned letters by typing them.
     This seems like strong evidence of the importance of handwriting，but James（6）

  that just because adults use certain circuitry（線路）to read does not necessarily mean it's the only writing that could work."Our brains are clearly（7）

  ，" she says. "It might be just fine to start typing and for that you need a whole different brain network and learn how to read that way.We don't know yet."
     For now though，most studies suggest handwriting has a（n）（8）

  role to play.Marieke Long-camp at Aix-Marseille University in France has shown that when adults learned unfamiliar characters based on the Bengali and Gujarati alphabets either by writing or typing，those who（9）

  the letters remembered them better three weeks later.
     Part of the problem is that typing does not（10）

  in us the same understanding of character or letter forms as writing by hand. "If you show children just a single typical A，they're not going to be able to understand that another（11）

  of an A is the same thing." James says.The messy and inconsistent way that children （and many adults）tend to write，（12）

  ，may help them to cop with a wide variety of typefaces and letter forms.
     Writing freehand，then，seems to be an important part of learning to read- but does the（13）

  of handwriting make a difference？Some schools have（14）

  teaching cursive（草書體的）or joined-up writjye.aig.In the US，for instance，it is not part of the national curriculum adopted by 46 states，though it has come back in some states in response to a public outcry.When it comes to learning to read，though，James has found that writing in cursive doesn't seem to add anything to the mix."It seems like it's any kind of（15）

  of a letter by hand that makes the difference，" she says.
  
  

  （1）	A．occasionally	B．physically	C．gradually	D．instinctively
  （2）	A．structures	B．connections	C．processes	D．functions
  （3）	A．write	B．coin	C．recite	D．read
  （4）	A．rather than	B．a(chǎn)s well as	C．such as	D．or else
  （5）	A．listening to	B．depending on	C．looking at	D．thinking of
  （6）	A．requires	B．decides	C．foresees	D．cautions
  （7）	A．similar	B．different	C．delicate	D．a(chǎn)daptable
  （8）	A．critical	B．unpredictable	C．unclear	D．increased
  （9）	A．wrote out	B．responded to	C．typed in	D．pointed at
  （10）	A．trust	B．implant	C．spend	D．invest
  （11）	A．example	B．equivalent	C．form	D．method
  （12）	A．a(chǎn)s a result	B．in a word	C．by contrast	D．vice versa
  （13）	A．history	B．type	C．dominance	D．study
  （14）	A．suggested	B．permitted	C．practised	D．stopped
  （15）	A．creation	B．recognition	C．existence	D．typing
  組卷：21引用：1難度：0.3

  解析

Section BDirections： Read the following two passage. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked a.b. c and d. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.

• 4．It started during yoga class.She felt a strange pull on her neck，a sensation completely foreign to jye.ai.Her friend suggested she rush to the emergency room.It turned out that she was having a heart attack.
     She didn't look like someone of a heart attack.She exercised，did not smoke，watched her plate.But on reviewing her medical history，I found that her cholesterol（膽固醇）level was sky high.She had been prescribed a cholesterol-lowering statin （他打）medication，but she never picked up the prescription because of the scary things she had read about stations on the internet.She was the victim of fake medical news.
     While misinformation has been the objects of great attention in politics，medical misinformation might have an even greater body count.As is true with fake news in general，medical lies tend to spread further than truths on the internet-and they have very real impacts.
     False medical information can also lead to patients' experiencing greater side effects through the "nocebo effect".Sometimes patients benefits from certain treatment or medication simply because they believe they will.The nocebo effect is the opposite：Patients can experience negative effects just because they expect them.This is very true of statjye.aies.In blinded trials，patients who get statins are no more likely to report feeling muscle aches than patients who get a placebo（安慰劑）.Yet，in clinical practice，according to one study，almost a fifth of patients taking statins report side effects，leading many to discontinue the drugs.
     Silicon Valley needs to own this problem.When human health is at risk，perhaps search engines，social media platforms and websites should be held responsible for promoting or hosting fake information.The scientific community needs to do its part to educate the public about key concepts in research，such as the difference between observational studies and higher-quality randomized trials（隨機(jī)對照試驗）.
     Finally，journalists can do a better job of spreading accurate information.News sites are more likely to cover catchy observational studies than randomized controlled trials，perhaps because the latter are less likely to produce surprising results.Such coverage can overstate benefits，claiming for example that statins could cure cancer；it can also unduly emphasize potential risks，such as suggesting a misleading connection with dementia（癡呆）.
  
  （1）The lady's experience of a heart attack is mentioned in paragraph 1 and 2 in order to

  .
  A．introduce the topic
  B．warn against a disease
  C．explain an established theory
  D．highlight the writer's opinion
  （2）Which of the following examples best illustrates the "nocebe effect"？

  
  A．You feel better after taking the medicine that you think will work.
  B．You feel dizzy after taking the medicine that you believe has side effects.
  C．You have a fever after taking the medicine even if you know it is harmless.
  D．You have a headache after taking the medicine even if the doctor says it's safe.
  （3）According to the writer，what should journalists do？

  
  A．Use as few social media platforms as possible.
  B．Educate the public about key medical ideas.
  C．Report as complete a story as possible.
  D．Spread more benefits than risks.
  （4）Which of the following is the best title of the passage？

  
  A．Doctor Internet is a liar
  B．Why"Nocebo Effect" Works
  C．Watch out for Partial Coverage
  D．Stand up for Better Human Health
  組卷：9引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

V. TranslationDirections： Translate the following sentences into English， using the words given in the brackets.

• 12．現(xiàn)今社會最看重的素質(zhì)除了創(chuàng)新能力，還有是否能足夠堅定地將自己的想法變成現(xiàn)實。（value）
  組卷：3引用：1難度：0.7

  解析

VI.Guided writing

• 13．Directions：Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
  學(xué)校的校門附近最近經(jīng)常有一條流浪狗出沒，有學(xué)生表示害怕，也有學(xué)生覺得可愛?，F(xiàn)校方就如何妥善處理此事征求全校同學(xué)意見，方案有二：一，將小狗交由動物收容所（animal shelter）處理；二，學(xué)校辟專區(qū)圈養(yǎng)小狗作為"校園寵物"（school-pet）。你是該校學(xué)生盧偉，給校長信箱寫一封電子郵件，表達(dá)你的觀點。郵件須包括以下內(nèi)容：
  1.你贊成哪一個方案；
  2.你贊成該方案的理由。
  組卷：6引用：1難度：0.3

  解析