2020-2021學(xué)年上海市浦東新區(qū)建平中學(xué)高一（上）分班英語試卷
發(fā)布：2025/1/4 7:0:2
I. VocabularyDirections： Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
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1．A.prized；B.answerable；C.limit；D.accessible；E.projected；F.justify
G.pirated；H.insightful；I.chiefly；J.purchase；K.genuinely
We live today indebted to MeCardell，Cashin，Hawes，Wilkins，and Maxwell，and other women who liberated American fashion from the（1）of Parisian design.Independence came in tying，wrapping，storing，and rationalizing that wardrobe.These designers established the modern dress code，letting playsuits and other active outfits suit casual clothing，allowing pants to enter the wardrobe，and prizing rationalism and utility in dress，in contradiction to dressing for an occasion.Fashion in America was logical and（2）to the will of the women who wore it.American fashion addressed a democracy，whereas traditional Paris-based fashion was standardized and imposed on women，willing or not.
In an earlier time，American fashion had also followed the directions of Paris，or even（3）specific French designs.Designer sportswear was not modeled on that of Europe，as "modern art" would later be；it was（4）invented and developed in America.Its designers were targeted to sportswear，and the distinctive traits were problem-solving ingenuity and realistic lifestyle applications.Ease of care was most important：summer dresses of outfits，in particular，were（5）cotton，readily capable of being washed and pressed at ho me.Closings were simple，practical，and（6），as the modern woman depended on no personal maid to dress her.American designers（7）the freedom of women who wore the clothing.
Many have argued that the women designers of that time（8）their own clothing values into a new style.Of course，much of this argument in the 1930s-40s was advanced because there was little or no experience in designing clothes on the basis of utility.But could utility alone（9）the new ideas of the American designers？Fashion is often regarded as a pursuit of beauty，and some cherished fashion's relationship to the fine arts.What the designers of the American sportswear proved was that fashion is a design art，answering to the demanding needs of service.Of course these practical，（10）designers have determined the course of late twentieth-century fashion.They were the pioneers of gender equity，in their useful，adaptable clothing，which was both made for the masses and capable of self-expression.組卷：3引用：1難度：0.4
IⅡ. Reading Comprehension：Section ADirections： For each blank in the following passage there are for words or phrases marked A， B， C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
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2．Over the last 15 years，digital communication has ushered in more changes than the printing press did in 1570．And the stand-out early adopters in this world are teenagers，whose brains appear to have an extraordinary （1）
to adapt to the world around them，according to Dr Jay Giedd，an adolescent brain expert．
We are now proving that as a species，our brains are still flexible and （2）during adolescence．Having a more flexible brain means that some （3）of it，such as impulse control and the ability to make long-term decisions，haven't developed yet，which may also explain why we spend a/an （4）period living under the protection on four parents rather than leaving home at the age of 12 or 13．This also means that the adolescent brain can adapt to new technology，allowing teenagers to （5）the accelerating pace of digital technology and giving them a multitasking advantage．
In the US，teenagers are spending 8.5 hours using computers，mobiles and other devices to learn，interact and play．This jumps to 11.5 if you take into account all of the （6）that goes on，such as talking on the phone while you're watching TV．Australian teenagers were found to be spending an average of 7 hours，38 minutes using these devices in 2009．
There are （7）as to how social media is affecting the way in which the brain learns to （8），as one of the most important skills that we learn as children is how to make friends and interact with people around you．Geidd says that from a biology standpoint，a lot of what goes on inside our brains is social． "A lot of the brain changes are sort of set up to develop these social skills．" These interactions are now being （9）by technology -- you could have hundreds of friends，all of whom are real people that you interact with -- and scientists aren't sure whether we'll be able to develop the same （10）using Facebook．
There is a possible （11）of the growing digital trend：YouTube indicates that teenagers all over the world are watching the same clips and laughing at the same jokes，indicating that they are more （12）than their predecessors．Sharing the same jokes could possibly go a long way to breaking down some of the prejudices out there．They may be （13）to texting their friends and posting updates on Facebooks，but teenagers today are probably going to have access to technology and （14）social and educational opportunities that anyone with a less flexible brain might have trouble imagining． （15），there is a cut off and by the age of 30，our brains become more set in their ways，making it harder for us to adapt and cope with new technologies．（1） A．a(chǎn)ctivity B．capacity C．responsibility D．opportunity （2） A．operating B．promoting C．a(chǎn)djusting D．establishing （3） A．functions B．options C．restrictions D．positions （4） A．opposed B．imposed C．limited D．extended （5） A．keep up with B．come up with C．put up with D．end up with （6） A．entertaining B．multitasking C．interacting D．gossiping （7） A．curiosities B．criticisms C．concerns D．shortcomings （8） A．memorize B．internalize C．realize D．socialize （9） A．changed B．controlled C．troubled D．interrupted （10） A．a(chǎn)ttitudes B．prospects C．trends D．skills （11） A．a(chǎn)dvantage B．distraction C．indication D．tuition （12） A．narrow-minded B．global-minded C．a(chǎn)bsent-minded D．quick-minded （13） A．keen B．a(chǎn)ddicted C．obsessed D．enthusiastic （14） A．however B．hence C．moreover D．instead （15） A．Consequently B．Additionally C．Nevertheless D．Thus 組卷：28引用：2難度：0.2
Section BDirections： Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A， B， C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
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7．The idea that richer countries are happier may seem intuitively obvious．However，in 1974，research by economist Richard Easterlin found otherwise，He discovered that while individuals with higher incomes were more likely to be happy，this did not hold at a national level．In the United States，for example，average income per person rose steadily between 1946 and 1970，but reported happiness levels showed no positive long-term trend．；in fact，they declined between 1060 and 1970．These differences between nation-level and individual results gave rise to the term " Easterlin paradox"：the idea that a higher rate of economic growth does not result in higher long-term happiness．
Having access to additional income seems to only provide a temporary surge in happiness．Since a certain minimum income is needed for basic necessities，it's possible that the happiness boost from extra cash isn't that great once you rise above the poverty line．This would explain Easterlin's findings in the United States and other developed countries．He argued that life satisfaction does rise with average incomes but only in the short term．
Recent research has challenged the Easternlin paradox，however．In2013，sociologists Ruut Veenhoven and Floris Vergunst conducted a study using statistics from the World Database of Happiness．Their analysis revealed a positive correlation between economic growth and happiness．Another study by the University of Michigan found that there is no maximum wealth threshold at which more money ceases to contribute to your happiness： "If there is a satiation point，we are yet to reach it．" The study's findings suggested that every extra dollar you earn makes you happier．With a much debate about the relationship between money and happiness，it's clear that happiness itself is a complex concept and depends on many factors．
According to psychologists Selin Kesebir and Shigehiro Oishi，happiness also depends on how your income compares to the people around you．They argue that a country's economic growth only makes its citizens happier if wealth is evenly distributed．In emerging countries with high income inequality--where the rich get richer and the poor get poorer--average happiness tends to drop because only relatively few people benefit from the economic prosperity．This suggests that governments should consider implementing policies to ensure more equal distribution of wealth．The happier people are，the more productive they are likely to become，thus leading to improved economic outcomes at the individual and national levels．
There is continuing debate about the link between wealth and happiness，with arguments both for and against the notion that richer countries are happier．However，it is clear that wealth alone isn't enough to make us happy．The effect of income inequality on happiness shows that happiness is a social responsibility．We need to remember the positive effects of generosity，altruism，and building social connections．Perhaps our focus should be less on how much money we have，and more on how we use it．
（1）According to the passage，Easterlin Paradox refers to．
A．the fact that the more money，the happier people will feel
B．the suggestion that money should be given the top priority
C．the question how economic outcomes are distributed nationwide
D．the opinion that higher income doesn't necessarily generate happiness
（2）The word "satiation" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ""．
A．satisfaction
B．controversial
C．central
D．sensitive
（3）What is the major reason for people's unhappiness related to money？
A．Money not enough．
B．Money not fairly dirtributed．
C．Rich people richer
D．Unequal money paid for equal work．
（4）Which of the following might be best title of this passage？
A．It's all relative
B．Easternlin paradox
C．The economic of happiness
D．Rising income，rising happiness組卷：13引用：4難度：0.5 -
8．It was in the archives（檔案室） of the Archbishop of York that Matthew Collins had a sudden insight：He was surrounded by millions of animal skins.
Another person might say they were surrounded by books and manuscripts written on parchment，which is made from skins，usually of cows and sheep.Collins，however，had been trying to make sense of animal—bone fragments from archaeological digs，and he began to think about the advantages of studying animal skins，already cut into rectangles and arranged neatly on a shelf.Archaeologists consider themselves lucky to get a few dozen samples，and here were millions of skins just sitting there.
In recent years，archaeologists and historians have awakened to the potential of ancient DNA extracted from human bones and teeth.DNA evidence has enriched—and complicated—stories of prehistoric human migrations.It has provided clues to epidemics such as the black death.It has identified the remains of King Richard III，found under a parking lot.But Collins isn't just interested in human remains.He's interested in the things these humans made；the animals they bred，slaughtered，and ate；and the economies they created.
That's why he was studying DNA from the bones of livestock—and why his lab is no w at the forefront of studying DNA from objects such as parchment and beeswax.These objects can fill in gaps in the written record，revealing new aspects of historical production and trade.How much beeswax came from North Africa，for example？
Collins splits his time between Cambridge and the University of Copenhagen，and it's hard to nail down exactly what kind of -ologist he is.He has a knack for gathering experts as diverse as parchment specialists，veterinarians，geneticists，archivists，economic historians，and protein scientists （his own background）. "All I do is connect people together，" he said. "I'm just the ignorant one in the middle."
However，it didn't take long his group to hit their first culture conflict.In science and archaeology，destructive sampling is at least tolerated，if not encouraged.But book conservators were not going to let people in white coats come in and cut up their books.Instead of giving up or fighting through it，Sarah Fiddyment，a postdoctoral research fellow working with Collins，shadowed conservationists for several weeks.She saw that they used white Staedtler erasers to clean the manuscripts，and wondered whether that rubbed off enough DNA to do the trick.It did：the team found a way to extract DNA and proteins from eraser pieces，a compromise that satisfied everyone.The team has since sampled 5，000 animals from parchment his way.
Collins is not the first person to think of getting DNA fro m parchment，but he's been the first to do it at scale.Studying the DNA in artifacts is still a relatively new field，with many prospects that remain unexplored.But in our own modern world，we've already started to change the biological record，and future archaeologists will not find the same treasure of hidden information in our petroleum - laden material culture.Collins pointed out what we no longer rely as much on natural materials to create the objects we need.What might have once been leather or wood or wool is now all plastic.
（1）How is Collin's study different from the study of other archaeologists？
A．He studies human skins and bones.
B．He is the first person to study animal skins.
C．He studies objects related to humans and their lives.
D．His study can provide clues to previous epidemics.
（2）The word "-ologist" in paragraph 5 most probably refers to.
A．a(chǎn) subject covering a wide area
B．a(chǎn)n area to explore
C．a(chǎn) person with special expert knowledge
D．a(chǎn) method to carry out research
（3）Collin thinks of himself as ignorant because.
A．his major doesn't help his research
B．he can't connect experts of different fields
C．he finds it hard to identify what kind of -ologist he is
D．his study covers a wide range of subjects beyond his knowledge
（4）What can be inferred from the passage？
A．Destructive sampling is not allowed in the field of science and archeology.
B．Collin made a compromise by only studying copies of books made of animal skins.
C．Book protectors were opposed to Collin's study because his group tracked them for several weeks.
D．It is difficult for future archeologist to study what society is like today due to plastic objects.
（5）What can be inferred from the passage？
A．Destructive sampling is not allowed in the field of science and archeology.
B．Collin made a compromise by only studying copies of books made of animal skins.
C．Book protectors were opposed to Collin's study because his group tracked them for several weeks.
D．It is difficult for future archeologist to study what society is like today due to plastic objects.
（6）What may be the appropriate title of this passage？
A．A new discovery in archaeology
B．A lab discovering DNA in old books
C．Archaeology on animals seeing a breakthrough
D．Collin's contributions to the identification of old books組卷：1引用：1難度：0.4