2021-2022學年江蘇省南京一中高三（上）期中英語試卷
發(fā)布：2024/12/11 13:30:3
第二部分 閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分37.5分）第一節(jié)（共4小題，每小題2.5分，共37.5分）
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1．With the fragrance industry expected to be worth an enormous ﹩92 billion by 2024，there is big money to be made from scents.As the fashion and marketing industry moves away from targeting men and women and onto a more inclusive，non-gendered approach，fragrance companies are doing the exact same - creating products that can be worn happily by all genders.The smells we're drawn to are inherently universal，across all genders and including all noses.With this in mind，we tested our noses against three of the brands that have made a play for gender neutrality.
（1）The purpose of paragraph 1 isEscentric Molecules
The unique selling point of Eccentric Molecules is that it's designed to smell completely different on every wearer，reacting with our natural scents to create a unique blend.With potential for sharing with a loved one，their packaging is a practical if a little unromantic，simple bottle.
Still，upon opening their best seller "Molecule 01"，the journey begins.Upon first spray，the overwhelming scent is of alcohol，but it soon settles into a barely-there smell that recalls soft leather and feels surprisingly soothing on skin.
Top Scent：Molecule 01， ￡72 for 100 mLClean Reserve
Clean Reserve smells like it sounds-bright，fresh scents that would appeal to those who prefer light smell.It is also perfect for keeping in your gym or day bag to freshen up yourself.
Packaging feels weighty and luxurious，without compromising sustainability-the bottle is made from sustainability-managed forest wood and even the alcohol is derived from corn.
Top Scent：Rain， ￡82 for 100 mLLaboratory Perfumes
Packaged in chemistry-class bottles，this brand's latest collection is strongly inspired by Britain and its natural abundance of herbs and flowers.What results are grown-up，powerful scents.
Our clear favourites from the collection couldn't be more different-"Samphire" is a refreshing coastal scent mixed with rose，while "Atlas" is a strong blend of wine and tobacco，an easy signature scent for day and night with minimal reapplication needed.
Top Scent：Atlas， ￡65 for 100 mL.
A．to analyze how smells influence us
B．to sell the idea of non-gendered fragrance
C．to inform the readers of a latest fashion trend
D．to justify the development of fragrance industry
（2）The common feature of Escentric Molecules and Clean Reserve is.
A．a(chǎn) soft and light scent
B．sustainable packaging made from wood
C．practical and simple packaging
D．smelling totally different on every user
（3）For a customer who prefer strong mature smells that lasts a whole day，which product should he choose？
A．Molecule 01
B．Rain
C．Atlas
D．Samphire組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5 -
2．In 2013 Mr.Baugher planted 7，000 Fuji apple trees in the orchard（果園）.Three years later，just when the trees should have been bearing fruit，he noticed that a few of them had yellow leaves.Within weeks they were dead.The next year，the problem spread to more than a few trees.By last year，2，000 of Mr Baugher's 7，000 new trees were dead.
Mr.Baugher has the worst case of "rapid apple decline"（RAD）in the county，but he is not alone.The mysterious disease has been troubling growers across America's northeast for at least six years.Kari Peter，a fruit-tree specialist first observed massive die-offs in her research orchard in 2013.She came up with the term "RAD".But her attempts to explain it have not produced much fruit.The usual reasons for the death of tree-mould infestation，a known virus，disease，an early frost-didn't fit symptoms.Her investigation only ruled things out.
The dead trees tend to be younger：two to eight-years-old.They are nearing he prime of production.Dwarf trees，which are commonly used by commercial growers，seem to be the most subject.Historically，orchards held 600-700 apple trees an acre，but most are now high producing dwarf trees，which are more compact.Growers plant 1，200-1，500 trees per acre.Working with the Department of Agriculture Kari found a new hidden apple virus in the infected trees.But they cannot be sure if this new virus has any connection with the decline.
Researchers at Cormell University found that severe cold followed by drought（旱災(zāi)）could have weakened the trees leaving them subject to viruses.Other scientists think that herbicides may be to blame.Dan Donahue，a fruit-tree specialist says it could be any or all of those theories.In a recent sampling，he found that 64% of young trees had hidden viruses.These do not show symptoms，but they could affect vitality.Older，larger apple trees were better at shrugging off the viruses.
RAD is a big worry for the apple growers.Customer taste is changing.Traditional varieties like Red Delicious are no longer a customer favourite，so growers are having to invest in new varieties.Few of the orchard growers are able to absorb the economic losses.
Mr.Baugher found some relief in the Tree Assistance Programme，through which the federal government provides financial assistance to orchard-owners whose trees are damaged by natural disasters.The sudden death of apple trees may not seem as dramatic as a hurricane，but it is perhaps even more dangerous.Americans have given considerably more before in the defense of apple pie.
（1）The underlined word "compact" is closest in meaning to.
A．complex
B．dense
C．remote
D．regular
（2）What can be learned about Kari Peter？
A．It took her six years to come up with the term RAD.
B．Her research led to a breakthrough in apple cultivation.
C．She failed to find out the definite cause of RAD.
D．She was the first scientist to research apple trees.
（3）Based on the various researches，RAD may be caused by the following EXCEPT.
A．extreme weather
B．a(chǎn) new virus
C．way of tree cultivation
D．location of the orchard
（4）What can be inferred from the passage？
A．RAD adds to the pressure on the already struggling apple growers.
B．RAD doesn't qualify orchard growers for financial assistance.
C．The government needs to fund more research into RAD.
D．Apple growers should have stuck to traditional varieties.組卷：8引用：2難度：0.5 -
3．Albert Einstein's 1915 masterpiece "The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity" is the first and still the best introduction to the subject，and I recommend it as such to students.But it probably wouldn't be publishable in a scientific journal today.
Why not？After all，it would pass with flying colours the tests of correctness and significance.And while popular belief holds that the paper was incomprehensible to its first readers，in fact many papers in theoretical physics are much more difficult.
As the physicist Richard Feynman wrote， "There was a time when the newspapers said that only 12 men understood the theory of relativity.I do believe there might have been a time when only one man did，because he was the only guy who caught on，before he wrote his paper.But after people read the paper a lot understood the theory of relativity in some way or other，certainly more than 12."
No，the problem is its style.It starts with a leisurely philosophical discussion of space and time and then continues with an exposition of known mathematics.Those two sections，which would be considered extraneous today，take up half the paper.Worse，there are zero citations of previous scientists' work，nor are there any graphics.Those features might make a paper not even get past the first editors.
A similar process of professionalization has transformed other parts of the scientific landscape.Requests for research time at major observatories or national laboratories are more rigidly structured.And anything involving work with human subjects，or putting instruments in space，involves piles of paperwork.
We see it also in the Regeneron Science Talent Search，the Nobel Prize of high school science competitions.In the early decades of its 78-year history，the winning projects were usually the sort of clever but naive，amateurish efforts one might expect of talented beginners working on their own.Today，polished work coming out of internships （實習） at established laboratories is the norm.
These professionalizing tendencies are a natural consequence of the explosive growth of modern science.Standardization and system make it easier to manage the rapid flow of papers，applications and people.But there are serious downsides.A lot of unproductive effort goes into jumping through bureaucratic hoops （繁文縟節(jié)），and outsiders face entry barriers at every turn.
Of course，Einstein would have found his way to meeting modern standards and publishing his results.Its scientific core wouldn't have changed，but the paper might not be the same taste to read.
（1）According to Richard Feynman，Einstein's 1915 paper.
A．was a classic in theoretical physics
B．a(chǎn)ttracted few professionals
C．needed further improvement
D．turned out to be comprehensible
（2）What does the underlined word "extraneous" in Paragraph 4 mean？
A．Unrealistic.
B．Unattractive.
C．Irrelevant.
D．Imprecise.
（3）According to the author，what is affected as modern science develops？
A．The application of research findings.
B．The selection of young talents.
C．The principle of scientific research.
D．The evaluation of laboratories.
（4）Which would be the best title for this passage？
A．Could Einstein get published today？
B．Will science be professionalized？
C．What makes Einstein great？
D．How will modern science make advances？組卷：2引用：1難度：0.3
第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)， 滿分15分）第一節(jié) （滿分15分）
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8．假設(shè)你是李華。你的英國網(wǎng)友Tony聽說中國的很多高中生都在上晚自習（evening classes），他想知道具體的情況，請你寫一封郵件告訴他。內(nèi)容包括：
1．上晚自習的原因；
2．上晚自習的內(nèi)容；
3．學生的看法。
注意：
1．寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；
2．請按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。
Dear Tony，
_________
Yours，
Li Hua組卷：6引用：4難度：0.5
第二節(jié) （滿分25分）
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9．I occasionally would think of my dad.I flashed to Dad holding the handlebar and jogging alongside my bike until I felt ready to ride on my own.I saw him pulling up to my broken-down car at night and doing a quick fix.I thought of the hug we shared at my wedding.But what impressed me most was the grass cutting days.Dad was always full of advice，and he taught me one of the big lessons one summer was about having a strong work ethic.
Memories came flooding back.When my brother and I were growing up，we mowed （修剪） yards during the summer to earn pocket change.Dad was our salesman.He told our neighbors about our service and offered a price they could not refuse.My brother and I got﹩10 per yard.However，I later found out that our friends were charging ﹩20 or more for the same amount of work.
Every time we headed out to mow lawns，Dad was there to watch.I used to wonder why he came with us.He stood supervising our work in the heat when he could have been inside relaxing with air conditioning and an icy drinking.My dad always watched over us and instructed strictly，until we finished our job as he satisfied.Sometimes his tough and cruel attitude really made my brother and me annoyed.
One day we were cutting our next-door neighbor's yard.She always waited until the grass was knee-high to call us over.To make maters worse，we had an old lawn mower.This particular afternoon，I was finishing up and was tired and sweaty.
I was just about to cut off the lawn mower when I saw Dad pointing to one piece of grass.I ignored him and kept walking.Dad called me again and yelled， "Hey，son.You missed a piece. "I frowned，hoping he would let it slide and let me go home.But he kept pointing and shouting.
Paragraph 1：
Tired and disappointed，I went back to cut that piece of grass._________
Paragraph 2：
The lesson my dad taught me stayed with me.________________組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5