2021-2022學(xué)年山東省濟(jì)南外國語學(xué)校高三（上）月考英語試卷（12月份）

第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共4小題；每小題8分，滿分30分）

• 1．The British Library is holding a new exhibition named "Harry Potter：A History of Magic." The show coincides with the 20th anniversary of the publication of J.K.Rowling's first book.
     The exhibit opened last Friday.It includes Rowling's outline for the book.It also includes her personal drawings of characters and a map of Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry.
     It also looks at magic and the nature of belief.It reveals that many of the things Harry Potter fans thought were imaginary were actually based in fact.Or they were based in folklore（民間傳說）.It includes rare books and manuscripts from around the world.It includes broomsticks and crystal balls.These offer insight into Rowling's inspiration and how the books came to be."I've taken liberties with folklore." That's what Rowling says in a video that opens the show.
     The show is divided into rooms based on the subjects studied at Hogwarts.Hogwarts was the setting for Rowling's novels following the adventures of Harry.He is the orphan who learns at age 11 that he is a wizard.Each section touches on the legends and beliefs that Rowling wove into her stories.
     Being hosted at the British Library meant the exhibition featured some amazing books.Their topics include palmistry（手相術(shù)） and tea leaf reading.And，of course，witches.Tanya Kirk，a curator，said working on the exhibit gave her a whole new appreciation of witches."I think all of the things I learned about witches is that they get quite a bad rap through history，and it was quite hard to find positive accounts，" she said with a laugh. "The Harry Potter books have done a lot to change that."
     The exhibition runs from Oct.20 to Feb.28，2018 and has already sold some 30，000 tickets.The highest amount of advance tickets ever sold for a British Library exhibjye.aiion.It will then travel to New York to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the release of "Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone." That is the book's title in the United States.
  
  （1）J.K.Rowling's first book of Harry Potter was published in

  .
  A．1996
  B．1997
  C．1998
  D．1999
  （2）Many things in Harry Potter stories are based in

  .
  A．imagination
  B．facts and rare books
  C．legends and myth
  D．a(chǎn)ll above
  （3）The sections are categorized by

  .
  A．different subjects in magic school
  B．different beliefs
  C．different books of Harry potter's stories
  D．different characters
  （4）The image of witches used to be

  .
  A．a(chǎn) mystery
  B．negative
  C．just like the character in Harry Potter's stories
  D．a(chǎn)ppreciated by many
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 2．The human societies that have the fewest social divisions are known as hunting and gathering societies.As the name implies，these groups depend on hunting and gathering for their survival.In some，the men hunt animals and the women gather plants.In others，both men and women （and children） gather plants，the men hunt large animals，and both men and women hunt small animals.Beyond this basic division of labor by sex，there are few social divisions.The groups usually have a shaman，an individual thought to be able to influence spiritual forces，but shamans，too，must help obtain food.
     In addition to sex，the major unit of organization within the group is the family.Most members of the group are related by shared ancestors or marriage.Because the family is the only social structure in these societies，it performs many functions that in modern societies are divided among different institutions.Thus，the family distributes food to its members，educates its children （especially in food skills），gives medicine to the sick，and soon.
     Hunters and gatherers are the most equal of all societies.Because the food that they hunt and gather cannot be preserved or stored，the people cannot accumulate possessions.Thus，no one becomes wealthier than anyone else.There are no rulers，and most decisions are arrived at through discussion.Because their needs are basic and they do not accumulate possessions，hunters and gatherers have the most leisure time of all human groups.
     All human groups were once hunters and gatherers，and until several hundred years ago，such societies were common.Their way of life ended when other groups took over the areas on which they depended for their food.Today only a few remain，such as the Pygmies of central Africa，the San of the Namibian desert，and the Aborigines of Australia.
  
  （1）According to paragraph 1，in hunting and gathering societies，social divisions are mainly based on

  .
  A．different responsibilities for finding food
  B．how many possessions a person has
  C．the size of a person's family
  D．the ability to influence spiritual forces
  （2）According to the text，in hunting and gathering societies，the most important social structure is

  .
  A．education
  B．government
  C．family
  D．religion
  （3）According to paragraph 3，people in hunting and gathering societies CANNOT

  .
  A．store food for future use
  B．make decisions as a group
  C．meet their basic needs
  D．enjoy very much leisure time
  （4）In paragraph3，the word "possessions" is closest in meaning to

  .
  A．knowledge
  B．property
  C．sickness
  D．relationships
  （5）It can be inferred from the passage that hunting and gathering societies

  .
  A．were limited in the past to Africa and Australia
  B．no longer exist
  C．a(chǎn)re the oldest form of human society
  D．easily coexist with farming societies
  組卷：1引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 3．Predator-Prey Interactions Shape Evolutionary Adaptations
     To survive，predators must eat and prey must avoid becoming food.Therefore，predator and prey populations exert intense environmental pressure on one another，resulting in coevolution.As prey become more difficult to catch，predators must become more adept at hunting.Coevolution has given the mountain lion sharp claws，and it has given the fawn the mountain lion hunts the behavior of lying still as it awaits its mother.It has produced the keen eyesight of the hawk and the earthy camouflage coloration of its small mammal prey.Coevolution of predators and prey has also given rise to the bright colors of the poison arrow frog and the coral snake.In the next section，we examine an example of the evolutionary results of predator-prey interactions.
     Some Predators and Prey Have Evolved Counteracting Behaviors
     Bat and moth adaptations provide an excellent example of how both physical structures and behaviors are molded by coevolution.Both bats and moths are nocturnal （they are quiet during the day and active at night），and bats hunt moths as prey.Bats have evolved a system for sensing their surroundings at night，called echolocation.In echolocation，bats emit very high-pitched and high-frequency sound pulses that only they can hear.The bats navigate and hunt by listening to the sound as it reflects off surrounding surfaces and then by interpreting the returning echoes as a mental image.In response，some species of moths have evolved simple ears （most insects do not have ears） that are able to detect the sounds that bats use in echolocation.When they hear a bat，these moths change their flying patterns，flying erratically or dropping to the ground.The bats，in turn，have evolved the ability to change their sound pulses to a range that the moths cannot hear.Some moths have evolved a way to interfere with the bats' echolocation by producing their own high frequency clicks.In response，when hunting a clicking moth，a bat may turn off its own sound pulses temporarily and locate the moth by following the moth's clicks.
  
  （1）According to paragraph 2，echolocation is the use of sound to

  .
  A．confuse or stun prey
  B．imitate other animals
  C．find objects in space
  D．warn prey that a predator is near
  （2）According to paragraph 2，which ability did bats develop in response to the development of simple ears in moths？

  
  A．the ability to locate other types of prey
  B．the ability to hunt during the day
  C．the ability to imitate the moth's sound pulses
  D．the ability to change the frequency of the sound pulses they emit
  （3）The phrase "interfere with" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

  .
  A．listen to
  B．disturb
  C．control
  D．find
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

第四部分 寫作（共兩節(jié)，滿分15分）第一節(jié)（滿分15分）

• 8．假定你是李華，正在加拿大渥太華學(xué)習(xí)。你計劃暑假期間在當(dāng)?shù)芈眯?，請寫一封e-mail向旅行社詢問相關(guān)的旅行信息。要點如下：
  1.旅行信息（如景點等）；
  2.當(dāng)?shù)靥厣ㄈ缡称返龋?br />3.注意事項。
  注意：
  1.詞數(shù)80左右；
  2.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總數(shù)；
  3.可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。
  Dear Sir or Madam，
      I'm Li Hua，a Chinese student，studying in Ottawa.I'm writing to _________
  Yours，
  Li Hua
  組卷：4引用：3難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié)（滿分25分）閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

• 9．A cobbler passed his time in singing from morning till night；it was wonderful to see，wonderful to hear him；he was more contented in shoes，than was any of the seven sages.His neighbor，on the contrary，who was rolling in wealth，sung but little and slept less.He was a banker；when by chance he fell into a doze（打瞌睡） at day-break，the cobbler awoke him with his song.The banker complained sadly that Providence（上蒼） had not made sleep a saleable commodity，like foods or drinks.Having at length sent for the songster，he said to him， "How much a year do you earn，Master Gregory？"
      "How much a year，sir？"said the merry cobbler laughing， "I have count my income in that way，living as I do from one day to another；somehow I manage to reach the end of the year；each day brings its meal." "Well then！How much a day do you earn，my friend？" "Sometimes more，sometimes less；but the worst of it is，and，without that our earnings would be very tolerable，a number of days occur in the year on which we are forbidden to work；and the curate；moreover，is constantly adding some new saint to the list."
  注意：
  1.續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；
  2.請按如下格式作答。
      The banker，laughing at his simplicity，said， "In the future I shall place you above want.Take this hundred crowns（錢幣），___________
      However，at that moment，the cobbler realized that what he acquired now was the source of sorrow._____________
  組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5

  解析