2022-2023學年北京十二中高一（上）期末英語試卷

第一部分 知識運用（共兩節(jié)，25 分） 第一節(jié)（共 10 小題；每小題 1.5 分，共 15 分） 閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑．

• 1．A Good-luck Dumpling When I was in my middle age，something terrible happened to me.As I was away from（1）

  for almost a year，my wife and children were extremely worried.And my mother，already in her eighties，was on the edge of a nervous breakdown.
     On the eve of the Spring Festival，I was finally allowed to return home.Mother looked at me，her eyes filled with（2）

  .But soon she said， "Let's start making dumplings for the Festival."
     And then an idea（3）

  her， "Let's put in a coin and make a good-luck dumpling.Whoever eats it will be blessed （有福的）."
     While making the good-luck dumpling，my mother secretly made a（n）（4）

  on it.She pretended nothing had happened，but the trick didn't escape my（5）

  .
     After Mother boiled the dumplings all by herself，she put the good-luck dumpling on top of the others in a bowl on purpose and pushed the bowl to me.Feeling loved，I stared at her in（6）

  eyes.
     I had thought it would give her a lovely surprise if she ate the good-luck dumpling.Taking the opportunity when she went to the kitchen，I put the dumpling into her bowl.Obviously，when Mother returned，she didn't（7）

  it and went on eating with her eyes on me all the time. "Ouch!" suddenly she cried out.The coin had hurt her teeth.
     "Oh，Granny is blessed"，my wife（8）

  .
     "I...how come？" Mother was（9）

  .Just at that moment，the coin fell out of her mouth.
     So I joined my wife and children， "Granny is blessed!Mother is blessed!"
     Mother burst into laughter，and then tears，as my wife and I（10）

  with her all her sadness and joy.
  
  

  （1）	A．home	B．office	C．factory	D．market
  （2）	A．calm	B．curiosity	C．horror	D．disbelief
  （3）	A．interested	B．struck	C．impressed	D．changed
  （4）	A．try	B．decision	C．mark	D．note
  （5）	A．hands	B．eyes	C．lips	D．mind
  （6）	A．a(chǎn)nxious	B．grateful	C．sorrowful	D．sincere
  （7）	A．take	B．permit	C．a(chǎn)ccept	D．notice
  （8）	A．a(chǎn)rgued	B．warned	C．cheered	D．suggested
  （9）	A．confused	B．inspired	C．touched	D．a(chǎn)ttracted
  （10）	A．discussed	B．shared	C．remembered	D．found
  組卷：13引用：2難度：0.3

  解析

第二節(jié)（共 10 小題： 每小題 1 分；共 10 分） 閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文或句子內(nèi)容填空．在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫 1 個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空．請 在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答．

• 2．Section A Festivals （1）

  （be） an important part of society.They reflect people's wishes，beliefs，faiths，and attitudes towards life.They are occasions （2）

  allow us to relax and enjoy life，and forget about our work for a little while.They help us understand where we came from，who we are，and（3）

  to appreciate.And if you study festivals carefully，you may be surprised to find that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all.
  Section B I'm part of an android football team.About once a year we（1）

  （allow） to get together to play a game of football.I'm as big as a human.In fact，I look like one too.On the football team I'm in charge of shooting（2）

  I must run very fast.My computer chips help me to move and think like a human.For example，I have learned to send signals（3）

  my teammates in computer language to give me the ball when I am open and have a good shot for a goal.
  Section C The colour was rushing to his cheeks，and his eyes were wide open， （1）

  （shine） with joy，and in the centre of each eye，right in the very centre，in the black pupil，a little spark of wild excitement （2）

  （dance） slowly.Then the old man took a deep breath，and suddenly，with no warning whatsoever，an explosion seemed to take place inside him.He threw up his arms and yelled 'Yippeeeeeeee!' And at the same time，his long （3）

  （bone） body rose up out of the bed and his bowl of soup went flying into the face of Grandma Josephine，and in one fantastic leap，this old fellow of ninety-six and a half，who（4）

  （be） in bed these last twenty years，jumped on to the floor and started doing a dance of victory in his pajamas.
  組卷：15引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

第二部分 閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，40 分） 第一節(jié)（共 15 小題；每小題 2 分，共 30 分） 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的 A、B、C、D 四個選項中，選出最佳選項， 并在答題卡上將該項涂黑．

• 3．This Tiny Box Will Help You Relax In Terrible Summer Heat!
     Traditional Air Conditioners （AC） are outdated.They cost a lot to install and even more to run.They are huge，noisy，and dangerous to clean.You can't move them around the house with you or take them outside!Thousands of people are now using a much cheaper alternative to cool themselves in the heat and clean their personal air.With over million units sold worldwide，this device is becoming one of the most successful gadgets.EVERYONE wants this awesome looking box for summer!
     What Are We Talking About？
     Meet the new AirFreez，an innovative alternative to AC that cools you just the same!It's a perfect solution for those very hot days and nights!The AirFreez was designed by two Swiss engineers who were fed up suffering the hot summers.They realized that AC units are super inefficient and cost a lot of money to use.The engineers also discovered that none of the traditional AC units were made to travel with.
     So，they designed this light-weight，portable Air Cooling box.It uses a very small amount of electricity and all without sacrificing any of the main benefits of a top AC model!It's tiny，easy to use and it can cool you in seconds!
     What Is So Special About This Little Box？
     The main benefits of AirFreez are its portability and price.
     It is no larger than a lunchbox.Besides，it can be powered by a pocket solar panel or battery pack and you probably have the world's most portable AC unit.
     And There Is One More Thing.The price is just amazing.Most AC units cost at least ﹩300+ AND you have to pay for installation PLUS cover the expensive electricity bills each month.
     AirFreez costs less than ﹩100 （Actually ﹩53 for each if you buy more than one here）.No messy installation，no expensive electricity bills.Far a Cooling unit of this quality，this must be the single best price-quality AC unit there is!
     How Can You Get An AirFreez？
     Now that you are aware of this amazing new invention，here is how to get one—order it from the Official Website for BEST PRICE.
  
  （1）Which of the following words can best describe AirFreez？

  
  A．Smart but fragile.
  B．Costly but multi-functional.
  C．Handy and energy-saving.
  D．Foldable and durable.
  （2）What can we learn about AirFreez？

  
  A．It requires no complex installation.
  B．It costs less than ﹩53.
  C．It doesn't consume electricity.
  D．It is a little larger than a lunch box.
  （3）What is the purpose of this passage？

  
  A．To compare AirFreez with traditional A.
  B．B.To explain the functions of AirFreez.
  C．To introduce the inventors of AirFreez.
  D．To advertise Airfreez.
  組卷：5引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 4．I got married just after I graduated from college and found a job to support our family at the nearby Massachusettes Institute of Technology （MIT）.It was in the laboratory of Prof.Edward Lorenz that I learned what a computer was and how to develop software.
     One day my husband saw a newspaper advertisement.The MIT Instrumentation Laboratory was looking for people to develop software to "send man to the moon".Deeply attracted both by the idea and the fact that it had never been done before，I became the first programmer to join and the first woman the lab hired.
     At the beginning，nobody thought software was such a big deal.But then they began to realize how much they were relying on it.Our software needed to be very reliable and able to detect an error and recover from it at any time during the mission.
     My daughter，Lauren，liked to intimate me—playing astronaut.One day，she was with me when I was doing a simulation （模擬） of a mission to the moon.She started hitting keys and all of a sudden，she selected a program which was supposed to be run before launch.The computer had so little space that it wiped the navigation data taking her to the moon.I thought：my God—this could happen by accident in a real mission.I suggested a program change to prevent a prelaunch program being selected during flight.But the higher-ups at MIT and NASA said the astronauts were too well trained to make such a mistake.
     On the very next mission，Apollo 8，one of the astronauts on board accidentally did exactly what Lauren had done.The Lauren bug!It created destruction and required the mission to be rearranged.After that，they let me put the program change in.It was the program change that had a crucial influence on the success of the mission of Apollo 11.
     During the early days of Apollo，software was not taken as seriously as other engineering disciplines （學科）.It was out of desperation I came up with the term "software engineering".Then one day in a meeting，one of the most respected hardware experts explained to everyone that he agreed with me that the process of building software should also be considered an engineering discipline，just like with hardware.It was a memorable moment.
  
  （1）What do we know about the author？

  
  A．She created the term "software engineering".
  B．She is the first woman ever hired by MIT.
  C．She taught Lauren to write software.
  D．She got her master's degree from MIT.
  （2）"The Lauren bug" in Para.5 refers to

  .
  A．a(chǎn) pet to accompany Lauren
  B．a(chǎn) mistake causing data loss
  C．a(chǎn) software ending prelaunch
  D．a(chǎn) mission to land on the moon
  （3）What greatly contributed to Apollo 11's success according to the passage？

  
  A．The in-time upload of data.
  B．Astronauts' rich experience.
  C．Experts' new attitude.
  D．The program change.
  （4）What can we learn from Margaret's story？

  
  A．Honesty is the best policy.
  B．Two heads are better than one.
  C．Chances favor the prepared mind.
  D．A good beginning is half done.
  組卷：2引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

• 5．If there is one place you don't want to stick your finger，it's the mouth of a Pacific lingcod.
     These fearsome fish have around 500 needlelike teeth sticking out of jaws （頜） that are strong enough to crush crustaceans （甲殼動物）.
     How lingcod maintain the sharpness of their terrifying teeth has long been a puzzle.But a study，published in November in the Proceedings of the Royal Society B，claims that Pacific lingcod keep their teeth sharp and shiny by replacing about three percent of them every day.For a lingcod，that's up to 20 teeth replaced daily.
     In order to determine the frequency at which lingcod replace their teeth，Ms.Cohen，a coauthor of the new study，and her colleagues kept 20 lingcod at the University of Washington's Friday Harbor Laboratories and tracked how many teeth they lost and regrew over several days.
     The fish were placed in a tank of seawater mixed with a red dye （染料） that colored their teeth，then returned to their regular tank for 10 days.When the 10 days were up，the fish were placed in a tank containing a green dye and then examined.The teeth that were present since the start of the experiment were both red and green，whereas the new teeth were only green.
     After collecting and examining a total of 10，000 teeth，the scientists were able to determine how quickly lingcod lost and regrew their teeth and which teeth were replaced most often.
     Lingcod，like most fish，have two sets of jaws：oral jaws and pharyngeal jaws.Their oral jaws are used to catch food while their pharyngeal jaws，which are positioned in their throats，are used to chew their food and move it from their mouths to the stomach.Ms.Carr，the lead author，and colleagues found that teeth are replaced more frequently in the back of the mouth，where most of the chewing and crushing take place.
     The way lingcod replace their teeth is likely crucial to their hunting strategy，says Kory Evans，a fish ecologist at Rice University in Houston. "The duller a lingcod's teeth are，the harder it is going to be for it to hold on to its target.So having the ability to shed teeth and replace them is pretty important." Dr.Evans said， "In order to make it as a lingcod，you need sharp pointy teeth and all your teeth need to be on point."
  
  （1）What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about？

  
  A．What role seawater played.
  B．How teeth changed their colors.
  C．What conclusion was reached.
  D．How the study was conducted.
  （2）According to the passage，lingcod's teeth are replaced

  .
  A．to better hunt for food
  B．every 10 days
  C．faster in the oral jaw
  D．with bigger and sharper ones
  （3）What does the underlined word "shed" in the last paragraph probably mean？

  
  A．Repair.
  B．Lose.
  C．Sharpen.
  D．Examine.
  （4）What is the purpose of writing this passage？

  
  A．To warn people of the danger of a fish.
  B．To suggest new ways to conduct studies on fish.
  C．To introduce the findings of a new study.
  D．To stress the importance of replacing teeth.
  組卷：6引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

第二節(jié) 根據(jù)下面所給中文，默寫英文句子。（12 分）

• 14．隨著年齡的增長，回家和家人在一起是最重要的部分。
  組卷：3引用：1難度：0.5

  解析

第三節(jié) 書面表達（15 分）。

• 15．假設(shè)你是紅星中學高一學生李華，請給你的外教 Jim 寫一封郵件，邀請他參加你們年級舉行的英語讀書會（reading circle）活動。
  郵件的內(nèi)容包括：
  （1）介紹讀書活動的相關(guān)信息（例如：時間、地點、活動內(nèi)容等）；
  （2）說明你發(fā)出邀請的原因；
  （3）詢問對方的意向。
  注意：（1）詞數(shù) 100 字左右； （2）開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。
  Dear Jim，
  ____________
  Yours，
  Li Hua
  組卷：7引用：2難度：0.5

  解析