Cigarettes aren't just harmful when they're being smoked.Even when cigarette ends go out and are cold，new research has found they continue to give off harmful chemicals in the air.In the first 24 hours alone，scientists say a used cigarette end will produce 14 percent of the nicotine （尼古?。?that an actively burning cigarette would produce.
While most of these chemicals are released within a day of being put out，an analysis for the United States Food and Drug Administration （FDA） found the level of nicotine fell by just 50% five days later.
"I was absolutely surprised， " since environmental engineer Dustin Poppendieck from the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology （NIST）. "The numbers are significant and could have important impacts when cigarette ends are dealt with indoors or in cars.While much attention has been paid to the health influence of first hand，second hand and now third hand smoking，it is not the case when it comes to the actual cigarette end of the matter. "
To measure emissions （排放） from this forgotten thing，Poppendieck and his team placed 2，100 cigarettes that were recently put out inside a special room.Once the ends were sealed away，the team measured eight chemicals commonly produced by cigarettes，four of which the FDA have their eye on for being harmful or potentially so.
After setting the room's temperature，the researchers tested how emissions changed under certain conditions.When the air temperature of the room was higher，for instance，they noticed the ends produced these chemicals at higher rates.This finding might discourage those who want to leave ashtrays （煙灰缸） out for days at a time，especially in the heat.
（1）What do the researchers say about cigarette ends？CC
A．They contain little nicotine.
B．They produce no nicotine five days later.
C．They give off nicotine for days.
D．They create as much nicotine as burning cigarettes.
（2）What do Poppendieck's words suggest？DD
A．First-hand smoking does most harm.
B．The findings are within his expectation.
C．Cigarettes should be dealt with indoors.
D．Health influence of cigarette ends is ignored.
（3）Which word best describes the author's attitude to not cleaning ashtrays for days？BB
A．Unclear.
B．Disapproving.
C．Unconcerned.
D．Puzzled.
（4）What can we learn from the text？AA
A．Used cigarette ends release harmful chemicals
B．Cigarettes are less harmful while being smoked
C．People pay more attention to the health influence of the used cigarette ends.
D．Cigarette ends produce less chemicals in the heat
【考點(diǎn)】說明文．
【答案】C；D；B；A
【解答】
【點(diǎn)評】
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：2引用：3難度：0.5
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1．When your alarm clock rings and you drag yourself out of bed，you probably wonder：Why on earth does school have to start so early？
Fortunately，there is a new law to back you up — or better still，science.
A law in California，passed on Oct 13，requires that public middle schools begin classes no earlier than 8：00 am and that high schools start no earlier than 8：30 am.The law will go into effect by November 1，2022.
Starting school at 8：00 or 8：30 in the morning may not sound like too big of a change，but it could mean one more hour of sleep for students who used to start school at 7：30 or even earlier.
"The effect of that one hour is something they will be feeling as 40-year-old adults，" Sumit Bhargava，a sleep expert at Stanford University，told The New York Times.He said that not having enough sleep can affect students' mental health and increase the risk of being overweight and diabetes （糖尿病）.
In the short run，students' school performances should improve almost immediately.Kyla Wahlstrom，a researcher at the University of Minnesota's College of Education，found that students who have enough sleep are alert in class and get much more satisfying grades.
Some might say that asking students to go to bed earlier could have been a much easier solution than changing the school timetable across an entire state.But according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine，teenagers go through biological changes when they enter puberty （青春期），which makes it difficult for them to fall asleep before 11：00 pm.So when school starts at 8：00 or earlier，they can hardly get the ideal 8.5 - 9.5 hours of sleep that experts suggest they need to do their best in the daytime.
This is why when the new law came out，its author，Anthony Portantino，said， "Generations of children will come to appreciate this historic day and our governor for taking action."
（1）Which of the following is TRUE about the law？
A．The law has not been put into practice yet.
B．The law will be passed by November 1，2022.
C．The law is made by a university in California.
D．The law requires schools to start later than 8：30 am.
（2）What can we learn from Bhargava's words？
A．The new law is of lasting benefit to students.
B．Lack of sleep affects adults more than children.
C．The amount of sleep people need changes with age.
D．Enough sleep makes sure that students are mentally healthy.
（3）What does the underlined word "alert" in Paragraph 6 probably mean？
A．Friendly.
B．Honest.
C．Calm.
D．Sharp.
（4）What's the text mainly about？
A．Lack of sleep could lead to health problems.
B．California is pushing back school start times.
C．A law to start the school day later takes effect.
D．Teenagers' biological changes affect their sleep patterns.發(fā)布：2025/1/1 16:0:1組卷：7引用：4難度：0.5 -
2．Modem life is full of things that can influence your ability to be sensitive and responsive to your child.These include extra work，lack of sleep，and things like mobile devices.Some experts are concerned about the effects that distracted（分心）parenting may have on emotional bonding and children's language development，social interaction，and safety.
If parents are inconsistently available，kids can get distressed and feel hurt，rejected，or ignored.They may have more emotional outbursts and feel alone.They may even stop trying to compete for their parent's attention and start to lose emotional connections to their parents.
"There are times when kids really do need your attention and want your recognition explains Cmic，a psychologist. "Parents need to communicate that their kids are valuable and important，and children need to know that parents care what they're doing，" he says.
It can be tough to respond with sensitivity during tantrums，arguments，or other challenging times with your kids. "If parents respond by being bad-tempered or aggressive themselves，children can copy that behavior，and a negative cycle then continues to upgrade，" explains Dr.Carol Metzler，who studies parenting at the Oregon Research Institute.
According to Cmic，kids start to regulate their own emotions and behavior around age three.Up until then，they depend more on you to help them regulate their emotions，whether to calm them or help get them excited. "They're watching you to see how you do it and listening to how you talk to them about it，" he explains. ^Parents need to be good self-regulators.You're not only trying to regulate your own emotions in the moment，but helping your child learn to manage their emotions and behavior."
As kids become better at managing their feelings and behavior，it's important to help them develop coping skills，like active problem solving.Such skills can help them feel confident in handling what comes their way.
"When parents engage positively with their children，teaching them the behaviors and skills that they need to cope with the world，children learn to follow rules and regulate their own feelings." Metzler says.
（1）What may distract parenting according to the text？
A．Working overtime.
B．Too much sleep.
C．Negative emotions.
D．Social interactions.
（2）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．Bad habits of ignored children.
B．Bad effects of parents' absence.
C．The outcome of parents' availability.
D．The behavior of emotional children.
（3）What does the underlined word "tantrums" in paragraph 4 probably mean？
A．Mental relaxation.
B．Extreme anger.
C．Heated discussions.
D．Desperate hunger.
（4）Which of the following can be the best title for the text？
A．Be strict with your children
B．Regulate your emotions
C．Stay available to your children
D．Set a good example for children發(fā)布：2025/1/1 16:0:1組卷：1引用：2難度：0.5 -
3．According to a new study in the online PLOS ONE，people make their decisions to trust others largely based on their faces.Your appearance can do a lot for you，especially if you are in the financial industry.The more trustworthy you look，the more likely people will buy what you're selling.
Researchers from Britain's University of Warwick Business School，University College London，and Dartmouth College，US，did a number of experiments.The research team used computer software to make 40 faces，from the least to the most trustworthy-looking.The study said that the difference between a trustworthy face and one that isn't as trustworthy comes from features that look slightly （稍微） angry or slightly happy，even when the face is at rest.However，a slightly happy face is more likely to be trusted.
Researchers gave participants some money and asked them which face they trusted to invest （投資） the money for jye.aim.Then researchers gave some good and bad information about the people with these faces，and asked the participants again whom they trusted.The results showed that even if they got different information，the participants didn't change their choices.They were still more likely to invest their money with the more trustworthy-looking faces.
Chris Olivola，one of the study's authors，said in the University of Warwick's press release： "It seems we are still willing to go with our feelings about whether we think someone looks like that we can trust jye.aim.The desire to judge strangers by their faces is hard to resist."
（1）According to the study，which of the following faces is most likely to be trusted？
A．A sad face.
B．A smiling face.
C．A crying face.
D．An angry face.
（2）Which of the following about the experiment is TRUE？
A．The trustworthy faces were given good information.
B．Researchers took photos of the 40 people's faces in college.
C．Participants liked to choose the faces with good information.
D．Most participants gave their money to the trustworthy-looking faces.
（3）What did the researchers learn from their experiment？
A．People don't trust strangers with sad faces.
B．People often judge strangers by their faces.
C．People prefer good-looking faces to money.
D．People can't rely on background information to judge others.
（4）Which of the following can be a proper title for this passage？
A．Who did the Experiments？
B．What Kind of Face do You Trust？
C．Why do You Trust Him or Her？
D．Why did They do the Experiments？發(fā)布：2025/1/1 16:0:1組卷：0引用：3難度：0.5
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