A hundred years ago，the largest city in the world was London，with a population of 6.5 million.Today it is beaten by Tokyo.With barely a quarter the population of London a century ago，the Tokyo metropolitan area has since（1）BB to 34 million，promoting it to first place in the global city league table.Tokyo's phenomenal growth is largely due to a single factor：migration from the countryside to the city.
This（2）BB migration can now be seen in scores of cities around the globe.And it has brought us to a crucial moment in human history.In 1990，most people lived in the countryside，with a little over 10 percent of the world's population living in（3）AA.From next year，the UN Population Division predicts that for the first time in history，more people will live in cities than in the country，and the biggest growth will be in "mega-cities，" with populations over 10 million.
The（4）AA of mega-cities -- there are now 20 in total -- has brought with it huge environmental and social problems.Cities occupy just two percent of the land surface of the Earth but consume three-quarters of the resources that are used up each year.Their residents are making ruinous（5）CC on soils and water supplies for food and on forests for wood and paper.
（6）CC the world's population to the countryside isn't an option.Dividing up the planet into plots of land on which we could all survive self-sufficiently would create its own natural disasters，not to mention being highly unlikely to ever（7）DD.If we are to protect what is left of nature，and meet the demand to improve the quality of living for the world's developing nations，a new form of city living is the only option.（8）DD，governments，planners，architects，and engineers are beginning to wake up to this idea，and are dreaming up new ways to green the mega-cities.Their approaches（9）AA two main principles：recycle whatever possible and remove as many cars as possible.So as well as developing energy-efficient buildings，emphasis is being placed on increasing the use of（10）BB and redesigning how cities are organized to integrate work and living areas into a single neighborhood，rather than（11）CC cities into residential，commercial，and industrial zones.
Planners and architects now agree that to improve the social and environmental condition of cities the top（12）DD is to cut car use.They say zero-emission cars running on electricity or burning hydrogen are not（13）AA.What is needed is a wholesale rethink of how new cities are laid out - and how existing ones expand --- to（14）BB the need for cars in the first place.One way of achieving this is to build cities with multiple centers where people live（15）CC their work in high-rise blocks that are also near public transport hubs.In parts of the world this is already taking place.
| （1） | A．a(chǎn)dded | B．mushroomed | C．responded | D．a(chǎn)dapted |
| （2） | A．out-of-date | B．rural-to-urban | C．close-to-bottom | D．on-the-site |
| （3） | A．cities | B．migration | C．poverty | D．communities |
| （4） | A．increase | B．a(chǎn)dvantage | C．management | D．distribution |
| （5） | A．criticism | B．comments | C．demands | D．impressions |
| （6） | A．Promoting | B．Relating | C．Returning | D．Introducing |
| （7） | A．disappear | B．decrease | C．exist | D．occur |
| （8） | A．Generally | B．Naturally | C．Previously | D．Fortunately |
| （9） | A．rely on | B．set aside | C．result in | D．look into |
| （10） | A．self-driving cars | B．public transport | C．green buildings | D．eco-friendly packaging |
| （11） | A．changing | B．a(chǎn)rranging | C．separating | D．forcing |
| （12） | A．concern | B．secret | C．reform | D．priority |
| （13） | A．enough | B．possible | C．common | D．scarce |
| （14） | A．emphasize | B．minimize | C．neglect | D．consider |
| （15） | A．eagerly for | B．far from | C．close to | D．ignorantly of |
【答案】B；B；A；A；C；C；D；D；A；B；C；D；A；B；C
【解答】
【點(diǎn)評(píng)】
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：0引用：1難度：0.3
相似題
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1．If you see a group of people dancing and singing on the street or in the railway station，you don't need to feel surprised.They are a flash mob（快閃族），which is a group of people who come together suddenly in a public place，do something unusual for a brief period of time，and then quickly break up.They are usually organized with the help of the Internet or other digital communication network.
At a predetermined time，they gather and perform some distractions（消遣）such as waving their hands and exchanging books.Then，they quickly break up before the police can arrive.Using mobile phones the flash mob can change its location if the first one has been replaced for any reason.
Bill Lasik，senior editor of Harper's Magazine，organized the first flash mob in Manhattan in May 2003 and the first successful flash mob came together on June 3，2003--after the first attempt was foiled at Macy's department store.Lasik claimed that the activity was designed to make fun of hipsters（時(shí)髦的人），and call attention to the cultural atmosphere.
Flash mob gatherings can sometimes shock people.Such an activity might seem amusing and untrue，but it also might frighten people who are not aware of what is taking place.Undoubtedly，flash mobs can serve as good political tools in any direction.They also have great economic potential，such as using flash mobs to advertise a product.
The flash mob is now becoming more and more popular.People use it to do many things.For example，in 2009，Michael Jackson's fans took part in a flash mob to remember him.Hundreds of his fans gathered singing and dancing Michael's famous song Beat It together.Flash mobs give people from all walks of life an opportunity to come together to create a memory.
（1）The underlined word "foiled" in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by "".
A．forgotten
B．prevented
C．a(chǎn)nnounced
D．confirmed
（2）What can you learn about the flash mob from the passage？
A．The flash mob usually breaks up quickly for lacking enough time.
B．Once the place for the activity is determined，it can't be changed.
C．The flash mob can be made use of in many fields for fun.
D．It gives people the chance to come together to do something unusual.
（3）The main purpose of the passage is to.
A．entertain
B．encourage
C．inform
D．persuade
（4）The writers attitude towards the flash mob is.
A．negative
B．objective
C．favorable
D．doubtful發(fā)布：2024/12/20 8:0:13組卷：17引用：2難度：0.5 -
2．Our dog Sandy is a golden retriever（尋回犬）.Once we performed an experiment to see how keen his nose was.There was one particular pile that must have had hundreds of sticks.We picked up one stick carved an X on it，walked away from the pile and then threw it back into the pile，not once but a dozen times into the pile.It was impossible for us to tell with any certainty which slick we had originally chosen.Each time he brought back that stick，It wasn't the shape or the size or the look of the stick that he used to pick it out from all the others.It was the smell we left on the stick.It is hard to imagine，hut for dogs every living creature has its own distinctive smell.
The noses of people have about 5 million cells that sense smell.Dogs' noses have anywhere from 125 to 300 million cells.Moreover，these cells are closer to the surface than cells in our noses，and more active.It has been estimated that dogs such as Sandy have noses that are a million times more sensitive than ours.Clothes that we haven't worn for weeks，and places we've only touched lightly indicate our presence to dogs.
His ears are also remarkable.He can hear sounds that humans can't and at distances which are astonishing.It is over our head to know and understand that world.Yet we have the advantage of being able to imagine what his experience is like，though he probably doesn't think too much about how we see the world.
The environment is the world that all living things share.Living creatures are born into the environment and are part of it.Yet there is no creature who perceives（感知到）all of what is and what happens.For a dog like Sandy a book isn't much different than a stick，whereas for us one stick is pretty much like every other stick.There is no one world experienced by all living creatures.
（1）Why did the author conduct the experiment？
A．To train Sandy to pick out sticks.
B．To show how fast Sandy found sticks.
C．To prove sensitivity of Sandy's nose.
D．To teach Sandy to tell different smells.
（2）What does the author intend to do in paragraph 2？
A．Support the conclusion with numbers.
B．Summarize the previous paragraph.
C．Provide some advice for the readers.
D．Introduce a new topic for discussion.
（3）What does the underlined idiom in paragraph 3 mean？
A．Amazing.
B．Difficult.
C．Reasonable.
D．Inconvenient.
（4）Which of the following best expresses the authors opinion in the last paragraph？
A．Worlds to experience.
B．An environment to share.
C．No environment，no creatures.
D．One environment，many worlds.發(fā)布：2024/12/18 14:30:1組卷：5引用：2難度：0.5 -
3．The world is a greener place than it was 20 years ago．Recent NASA satellites data（2000-2017）have shown that human activities in China and India dominate this greening of the planet，thanks to ambitious tree-planting programmes in China and intensive agriculture in both countries．
The researchers from Boston University found that global green leaf area has increased by 5 percent in the new century，an area equal to all of the Amazon rainforest．China alone accounts for 25% of the global net increase in leaf area with only 6.6% of global vegetated area．China's contribution comes in large part from its programmes to conserve and expand forests，taking up about 42 percent of the greening．The greening from farmlands in China is about 32%，but that in India is about 82%．
Rama Nemani，a research scientist at NASA's Ames Research Centre and a co-author of the study said， "When the greening of the Earth was first observed，we thought it was due to a warmer，wetter climate and fertilization from the added carbon dioxide in the atmosphere．But with data from NASA satellites，scientists realized that humans are also contributing，which was all against our expectations．"
Nemani sees a positive message in the new findings． "Once people realize there is a problem，they tend to fix it，" he said． "In the 1970s and 1980s in India and China，the situation around vegetation loss was not good．In the 1990s，people realized it，and today things have improved．Humans are incredibly resilient．That is what we see in the satellite data．"
However，the researchers rang bells as well．They said that the gain in global greenness did not necessarily make up for the loss of natural vegetation in regions like Brazil and Indonesia．
（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A．The decreasing size of the Amazon rainforest．
B．China's bigger contribution to global greening．
C．Total global green leaf area in the new century．
D．China's programmes to conserve and expand forests．
（2）What surprised scientists regarding global greening？
A．Human activities．
B．Suitable for analyzing data．
C．A warmer and wetter climate．
D．Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere．
（3）What does the underlined word "resilient" probably mean？
A．Good at making programmes．
B．Suitable for analyzing data．
C．Able to make corrections．
D．Active in planting trees．
（4）What does the last paragraph imply？
A．It is urgent to protect global natural resources．
B．Much remains to be done for global greenness．
C．Brazil and Indonesia lose most of their vegetation．
D．Global greenness needs all countries to work together．發(fā)布：2024/12/20 5:0:3組卷：7引用：1難度：0.6
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