As winter comes，hands can easily get cold.Thick gloves might be a good choice，but sometimes wearing them is inconvenient.However，this was not a problem for ancient Chinese people，who had a fine tool to warm their hands：hand warmers.
    There is one folk story about its invention.Emperor Yang from the Sui Dynasty visited Jiangsu in winter.Because of the cold，a local official asked craftsmen（工匠人） to make a small warmer for the emperor that could be held in his hands.So，the hand warmer was created.
    By the Song Dynasty，the warmers had become popular among the common people.Skills for producing the tool were widely used in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.Many poets from this period kept a record of people using hand warmers.
    In the early days，copper（銅） was generally used in the production process.It was more suitable than silver，iron and porcelain because it could transfer（傳導(dǎo)） heat better，while reducing the risk of breakage or corrosion（腐蝕）.Inside a hand warmer，there were coals，some of which were mixed with flowers，giving off a nice smell when burned.
    Ancient hand warmers had different designs.Round，square and octagonal shapes were typical.jye.ai there were also some fashioned shapes which looked like pumpkins，flowers and turtle shells.The patterns on the warmers would usually be animals or symbols with good meanings，such as deer，flowers or the Chinese characters for long life.

How ancient people warmed their hands in winter
Introduction	Hand warmers：a fine tool for ancient Chinese people to keep their hands （1） warm warm .
The history	In the Sui Dynasty： Craftsmen made a small warmer for Emperor Yang. By the Song Dynasty： The popularity of the warmers had risen. In the Ming and Qing Dynasties： Many poets （2） recorded recorded the use of hand warmers.
The （3） principle principle	The outside：copper It could transfer heat better. It reduced the risk of breakage or corrosion. The （4） inside inside ：coals，some mixed with flowers
The designs	The designs of the ancient hand warmers were not the （5） same same Shapes：typical shapes and fashioned shapes Patterns：animals or symbols with good meanings