If you visit Uluwatu Temple in Bali，take care.The long-tailed macaques（獼猴）there are well-known thieves.Since time out of mind（自古以來） they have made a living by taking away visitors' belongings and refusing to return them until some food is provided.That is quite clever.But Jean-Baptiste Leca of the University of Lethbridge wondered whether these monkeys are cleverer still.Sometimes，they do not accept the first offer and hold out for more.He therefore asked himself whether they are able to assess how valuable an object is to its owner，and use that knowledge in their negotiations.
Experiments conducted in the past with monkeys and apes suggest such primates（靈長類動物） can indeed attach a value to something worthless to them like a colored plastic counter（籌碼），by learning that symbols of this sort may be exchanged for food，and that different counters bring different rewards.These findings，however，were based on rules made by humans but followed by lab animals.The macaques of Uluwatu are true wild animals，though ones that are familiar with，and comfortable in the presence of，human beings.
Dr.Leca and his colleagues conducted their experiment by wandering around the temple with video cameras，recording the robberies.After that，they tried to establish the relative values of food rewards to monkeys，and of stealable objects to people.There are three sorts of rewards：raw eggs，biscuits and small bags of fruit.Different monkeys have different preferences，but Leca established these for individual animals by offering them choices between pairs of goodies.They then observed，from their video recordings，how many times victims bothered to bargain with a thief for the return of property，and thus classified objects into low value（including plastic bottles and key rings），medium value（such as hats and shoes） and high value（like electronics and wallets）.
A close analysis showed that monkeys do，indeed，have a complicated sense of what they are doing - at least，adults and sub-adults do.For these animal thieves，high-value items are their first choice，and they will often hold out either for more rewards，or for better ones，if they are in possession of such items.But this is something that they have to learn how to do as they grow up.
（1）Why should visitors be careful in Uluwatu Temple？ DD
A．There are strict rules in the temple.
B．There are many thieves and cheats.
C．Some wild animals may attack them.
D．Monkeys may steal their possessions.
（2）In what way were previous experiments different from Leca's？ BB
A．They focused on symbols and rewards.
B．They were conducted in an artificial setting.
C．They looked at how monkeys and apes learned.
D．They mainly examined how primates used counters.
（3）What did Leca and his colleagues' research prove？ CC
A．There is a reward system among adult monkeys.
B．Young macaques are born with negotiating skills.
C．Monkeys have a great ability to sense human feelings.
D．Long-tailed macaques can recognize high-value objects.
（4）What would be the best title for the text？ AA
A．Name your price
B．Threats to macaques
C．Welcome to Uluwatu Temple
D．Various survival skill in nature
【答案】D；B；C；A
【解答】
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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：6引用：3難度：0.5
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