Last year scientists reported using a neural implant（神經(jīng)植入物）in a man's brain to restore his ability to communicate.The man has been partially paralyzed and unable to produce comprehensible speech since suffering a severe stroke.It is the latest advance in the exploding field of brain-computer interfaces （接口） or BCIs，which allow computers to read information out of a living brain.
Brain-computer interfaces are possible because of two facts.The first is that your brain contains hundreds of tiny maps.Each represents specific features of your physical feelings and intended actions.And crucially，the basic set of brain maps and their locations within the brain are very similar across individuals.
Thanks to their specialized functions and universal locations，brain maps are ideal entry points for BCI technologies.Picking up signals from a brain map is only the first step in making a useful BCI.Although the location of a brain map is the same across individuals，the details what patterns of activity within the map mean-differ from person to person.In a sense，the unique features of your specific brain maps serve as a kind of encryption （加密），safeguarding your specific thoughts and feelings from would-be spies.
That brings us to the second fact that makes BCIs possible.Thanks to advances in machine learning，scientists have developed programs that can learn to recognize key patterns in a vast sea of numbers.They train these programs to decode（解碼）brain signals by feeding them tons of examples.Researchers developing BCIs often create such examples by instructing an individual to think specific thoughts at specific times，creating a neural curriculum for the program to learn from.
While the universal features and locations of brain maps make them obvious entrances for BCIs，the unique features of your brain maps tend to protect them from spying eyes.In cases where BCIs have successfully read specific thoughts or intentions from a brain，it has been with the permission of the individual whose brain was being read.But there are surreptitious ways to train decoders on your brain without your knowledge.This can happen if your neural data falls into the hands of companies with detailed information about your activities.
Like all technologies，brain-computer interfaces are not necessarily good or bad.Yet while harvesting the benefits of BCIs，we need to ensure that we have the means to protect ourselves from corporations with every motive to take advantage of this technology for their financial gain.
（1）What can we learn about brain maps？ AA
A．They carry unique messages.
B．They can process encrypted signals.
C．Their functions vary from person to person.
D．Their locations reveal human thinking patterns.
（2）What can we infer from the passage？ CC
A．BCIs can boost brain signals dramatically.
B．BCIs could help recover from brain injuries.
C．Machine learning enables BCIs to read mind.
D．The decoding of brain may be affected by BCIs.
（3）What does the underlined word "surreptitious" in Paragraph 5 probably mean？ DD
A．Secure.
B．Stable.
C．Standard.
D．Secret.
（4）What does the passage mainly talk about？ CC
A．The future trend of BCIs.
B．The potential risks of BCIs.
C．The working principle of BCIs.
D．The general applications of BCIs.
【答案】A；C；D；C
【解答】
【點(diǎn)評】
聲明：本試題解析著作權(quán)屬菁優(yōu)網(wǎng)所有，未經(jīng)書面同意，不得復(fù)制發(fā)布。
發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0組卷：9引用：2難度：0.4
相似題
-
1．Hi Judy!
You often complain to me that you always buy goods unreasonably on sale promotion（促銷）and feel it shameful after going back to your school dormitory with new things not needed，considering all the money you spend is your parents' income．
In fact，this is a common phenomenon，called impulsive buying，a buying unplanned and hard to control．It usually happens when a store offers discounts（打折）or sales promotion-a special way used by stores to get more customers，which means you may fall into its traps even without notice．
Stores，with a good knowledge of customers' psychology（心理），make use of it to drive business．Avoiding all the impulsive buying is a hard thing．However，knowing our psychology behind it and reducing the times when influenced by sales promotion may be useful．So you should keep calm when facing the sales promotion by keeping in mind what you really need．
Find out the conditions where you are likely to buy things blindly．When seeing a dress advertised at 20% off，do not concentrate on the discount，but warn yourself against falling into the trap of "saving money''．
Besides，do not forget the long-term effects of your choice when meeting a sales promotion．Short-term benefits，like excited feeling just after buying items encourage impulsive buying．But the long-term costs such as waste of money and the sense of shame really annoy you．When seeing the advertisements，remember what you really want to buy originally and warn yourself of that terrible feeling．Only in this way can you save money for really needed things．
Yours，
Rachel
（1）Judy felt it a shame to．
A．complain to others about the poverty of her family
B．waste her parents' money on unneeded things
C．buy cheap things at lower prices or with less money
D．rely on her parents for further education
（2）Which of the following is true of impulsive buying according to Rachel？
A．It is designed by shops to draw customers' attention．
B．It can be brought under control with the help of stores．
C．It is planned by buyers with the purpose of saving money．
D．It is done by customers without considering its bad effects．
（3）In face of sales promotion Judy is advised to．
A．have belief in her own immediate decision
B．check the quality of the goods at low prices
C．stay calm by thinking about what she really needs
D．take the chance to learn more about stores tricks
（4）How do buyers usually feel in the long run after buying discounted things？
A．Regretful．
B．Thrilled．
C．Relaxed．
D．Sceptical．發(fā)布：2025/1/10 8:0:1組卷：4引用：2難度：0.6 -
2．English Schools There's no substitute for taking an English course in a high quality language school in an English-speaking country.Esl-lounge Student has partnered with some of the best language schools in the UK.Choose a school from below.We can offer discounts on English courses!
Burlington School，London
Burlington School is located in Parsons Green，15 minutes by underground from the centre of London.Our standard of teaching is high，with courses in General and Specialist English.The coffee bar is open all day serving freshly-cooked meals，and the school organises a range of social activities to complement （補(bǔ)充） the classes.Students live either in homestays or in one of our hostels.
See Burlington School courses and save 10%
University of Liverpool，English Language Centre
You can have confidence in the University of Liverpool，which is ranked in the top 1% of higher education institutions worldwide.While studying here，you will benefit from modern and dynamic English teaching methods in small classes of fewer than 16 students.
See University of Liverpool courses and save 12%
Interactive English School，Brighton
We are a small friendly school.Being a small school means we can cater for your individual needs more easily than larger schools can.All of our teachers are native speakers，qualified and experienced.Our prices are very affordable and start from ￡60 per week for fulltime courses of 20 lessons.
See Interactive English School courses and save 7%
New School of English，Cambridge
The New School of English is located in the beautiful city of Cambridge.The school is open all year and provides a range of English language courses for adults from all over the world（minimum age 16）.These courses cover General English as well as courses for professionals looking to focus on specific topic areas.They have a range of accommodation choices for students.
See New School of English courses and save 5%
（1）What can we know about Burlington School？
A．It is open all year.
B．It is located in London.
C．It provides no accommodation.
D．It offers no social practice classes.
（2）Which school offers the biggest discounts？
A．Burlington School.
B．New School of English.
C．University of Liverpool.
D．Interactive English School.
（3）How is New School of English different from the others？
A．It sets a strict age limit.
B．Its accommodation is optional.
C．Its teachers are qualified and experienced.
D．It offers General and Specialist English courses.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.6 -
3．Ever since I graduated from high school I've worked in the factories surrounding my hometown every summer.However，making the transformation between school and full-time blue-collar work during the break never gets any easier.For a student like me who considers any class before noon to be unacceptable，getting to a factory by 6 o'clock each morning is suffering.My friends never seem to understand why I'm so relieved to be back at school or that my summer vacation has been anything but a vacation.
There are few people as self-confident as a college student who has never been out in the real world.People of my age always seem to overestimate the value of their time and knowledge.In fact，all the classes did not prepare me for my battles with the machine I ran in the plant，which would jam whenever I absent-mindedly put in a part backward or upside down.
The most stressful thing about blue-collar life is knowing your job could disappear over night.Issues like being laid off and overseas relocation had always seemed distant to me until my co-workers told me that the unit I was working in would shut down within six months and move to Mexico，where people would work for 60 cents an hour.
After working 12-hour shifts（輪班）in a factory，the other options have become only too clear. "This job pays well，but it's hell on the body，" said one co-worker. "Study hard and keep reading." she added.When I'm back at the university，skipping classes and turning in lazy re-writes seems too irresponsible after seeing what I would be doing without school.All the advice and public-service announcements about the value of an education that used to sound stale（陳腐的）now ring true.
My experiences in the factories have inspired me to make the most of my college years before I enter the real world for good.
（1）What does the author think of his summer holiday？
A．It was no holiday for him at all.
B．It brought him nothing but suffering.
C．It was a relief from his hard work at school.
D．It offered him a chance to make more friends.
（2）What can we infer about most college students？
A．They do better in the real world.
B．They are confident when they work.
C．They think too highly of themselves.
D．They are expert at handling machines.
（3）What is the biggest pressure for blue-collar workers？
A．A low income.
B．The lack of security.
C．An unstable location.
D．Less break.
（4）How did the working experiences change the author？
A．He became responsible for his work.
B．He learned to be more practical at work.
C．He began to respect blue-collar workers.
D．He came to appreciate his college education.發(fā)布：2025/1/6 16:30:6組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5