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People and other great apes are known for their willingness to help others in need，even strangers.Now，researchers have shown for the first time that some birds-specifically African grey parrots-are similarly helpful.
"We found that African grey parrots voluntarily help familiar parrots to achieve a goal，without obvious immediate benefit to themselves. "says Desiree Brucks of the Max Planck Institute for Birds Study，Germany.
Parrots and crows are known for having large brains relative to the size of their bodies and problem-solving skills to match.For that reason，they are sometimes considered to be "feathered apes， "explains Brucks.However，earlier studies showed that，despite（盡管）their impressive social intelligence，crows don't help other crows.In their new study，Brucks and his fellows wondered：what about parrots？
To find out，they placed pairs of grey parrots and blue-headed parrots in boxes alongside each other with a transfer（轉(zhuǎn)移）hole between the two，and a hole facing a human experimenter that was either kept open or closed.Both parrot species quickly learned that they could exchange tokens（籌碼）with the experimenter for a nut treat，but only the grey parrots helped their neighbors when their own hole facing the scientist was closed，preventing them from gaining any personal reward.
In the very first round，seven out of eight grey parrots were willing to transfer tokens in their possession to their neighbors so that their friends could feast when they could not.The fact that they did so without knowing they would later be tested in the other role showed that those giving were not expecting the favor to be rewarded，said Brucks.
Significantly，the grey parrots appeared to understand the nature of the task，instead of acting out of playfulness.When they saw the other parrot had an opportunity for exchange，they'd pass a token over-but otherwise，they would not.And，like humans，the grey parrots appeared to favor their friends，sharing more tokens with birds they had previously closely associated with，though they still gave some to those they are familiar with.
（1）Parrots are considered "feathered apes" mainly due to DD .
A．their brain size
B．their body structure
C．their language skills
D．their intelligence level
（2）What's the purpose of Brucks' new study？ BB
A．To learn how parrots take on their tasks.
B．To discover whether parrots are helpful.
C．To prove parrots are socially active birds.
D．To find out links between apes and crows.
（3）What's the use of a "transfer hole" in the experiment？ AA
A．Parrots passed their tokens through it.
C．Researchers exchanged tokens through it.
B．Parrots got their rewards through it.
D．Researchers fed the parrots through it.
（4）What can we infer about grey parrots from the last paragraph？ DD
A．They are naturally interested in playful tasks.
B．They rarely build friendship with their neighbors.
C．They use tokens to get favors from their neighbors.
D．They are more likely to help their friends if possible.
【考點(diǎn)】說(shuō)明文；自然科學(xué)研究成果．
【答案】D；B；A；D
【解答】
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發(fā)布：2024/4/20 14:35:0組卷：0引用：1難度：0.3
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