當(dāng)前位置：人教版（2019）必修2《Unit 4 History and Traditions》2020年單元測(cè)試卷（1）> 試題詳情

In many countries of the world，people can confidently tell you the meaning of their town or city，but most people who live in Manchester，Oxford or Birmingham would not be able to explain what the name of their city means．The name of every British town or city，however，has a long history．
   Two thousand years ago，most people living in Britain were Celts．Even the word "Britain" is Celtic（凱爾特語(yǔ)）．Then the Romans arrived and built camps which became cities called "castra"．This is why there are so many place names in England which end in "-chester" or "-caster"，Manchester，for example．
   The Romans never reached Wales or Scotland，and many place names there are Celtic．For example，Welsh place names that begin with "Llan" come from the Celtic word for "church"．
   After the Romans left Britain，it was attacked by the Anglo-Saxons who were from the area of Europe that is now Germany and Holland．The names of their villages often end in "- ham" or "- ton"．Some get their names from the leader of the village．Birmingham for example，means "Beormund's village"
   The Anglo-Saxons were farmers and the landscape was very important to them，so we have villages called Upton （village on a hill）-a good place to build a village and Moreton （"village by a lake"） where floods could make life hard．Place names that end in "- ford" （a place where you could cross a river） also describe the location of Anglo-Saxon villages．
   Finally，in 1066 England became Norman-the Normans gave us the place name "grange"，which means farm．
   And how about London？Experts cannot agree．The Romans called the city Londinium，but they were not the first inhabitants（居民）．People once believed that the United Kingdom's capital city got its name from the castle of a King called Lud，but this is very unlikely．Our best guess today is that the name comes from a Celtic word meaning a fast-flowing river．Like a number of British place names，its history is lost in time．

（1）According to the article，Stratford is most likely a town
C
C
．
A．on a hill
B．near a castle
C．beside a river
D．with a church
（2）Which of the following shows the correct order of the arrival of the inhabitants in Britain？
B
B

A．The Celts-The Romans-The Normans-The Anglo-Saxons．
B．The Celts-The Romans-The Anglo-Saxons-The Normans．
C．The Romans-The Celts-The Anglo-Saxons-The Normans．
D．The Romans-The Anglo-Saxons-The Celts-The Normans．
（3）What does London mean in Celtic？
A
A

A．River．
B．Londinium．
C．Lud．
D．Castle．

【考點(diǎn)】社會(huì)；說(shuō)明文．

【答案】C；B；A

【解答】

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發(fā)布：2024/5/27 14:0:0組卷：8引用：1難度：0.5

相似題

1．How many different emotions do you think you can communicate to people with your face？Do you have the same facial expressions as the people from different cultures？Read this passage to find out what scientists have just discovered about this topic.
   New research suggests that there are only four basic facial expressions of emotion.However，how these expressions are interpreted（解釋） might depend on where you are from.Research by scientists from the Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology at the University of Glasgow has challenged the traditional view of how the face expresses emotions.It was widely believed that six basic emotions （happiness，sadness，fear，anger，surprise and disgust） were expressed and recognized across different cultures.However，the University of Glasgow's work now suggests that the human face only has four basic expressions of emotion.This is because some pairs of emotions are impossible to distinguish（辨別）.Fear and surprise，for example，both share wide open eyes.The facial expressions for anger and disgust also look the same.
   So if our faces are only able to express four basic emotions，how do we communicate a much more complex（復(fù)雜的） kind of feeling？The study found that the way expressions are interpreted is different in different cultures.However，while looking at how people from the East and West look at different parts of the face during facial expression recognition，scientists found that although there are some common features across cultures，the six basic facial expressions of emotion are not recognized universally.
   What interests people about the cross-cultural aspect of the research？This work leads to understanding which emotions we share and appreciating our differences.

（1）What did the University of Glasgow find？

A．Six basic emotions greatly influence our character.
B．Six basic emotions can be recognized.
C．It is easy to tell from the basic facial expressions.
D．Some of the six facial expressions are similar.
（2）Which group may be the four basic facial expressions of emotion？

A．Sadness，fear，anger and surprise.
B．Anger，sadness，fear and happiness.
C．Happiness，surprise，sadness and fear.
D．Disgust，happiness，anger and sadness.
（3）What can we learn according to Paragraph 3？

A．Basic facial expressions are not universal.
B．Facial expressions can't show complex feelings.
C．Western people have more kinds of facial expressions.
D．The way to express emotions changes with time.
（4）Which is the proper title for the passage？

A．What Does Your Face Say？
B．How Do We Communicate？
C．What Are the Six Basic Emotions？
D．Do We Have the Same Expressions？
發(fā)布：2024/11/4 14:30:2組卷：50引用：3難度：0.6
解析
2．Working or learning in a foreign country can be a difficult experience.The hardest part of working abroad isn't finding a place to stay or learning the language.It's learning to overcome the culture shock.
   These things are part of everyday life，and include many signs，gestures，facial expressions，and customs.When we enter a new culture，these cues （提示） are usually not present or so different that they're no longer understandable to us.
   "When a person enters a foreign culture，" wrote Oberg，"all or most of these familiar cues are eliminated.He or she is like a fish out of water.No matter how broad-minded he or she may be，lots of props（支柱） have been knocked out from the environment."
   This is what happened to Lara，a young IT consultant （顧問(wèn)） from America who moved last year to their company in southern Europe.Three weeks after she arrived in Europe，Lara sent a desperate e-mail begging to return home. "The people are so unfriendly，" Lara wrote."They eat at strange hours and I'm starting to get allergic （過(guò)敏的） to the local food.I can't get anything done because their way of doing business is so disorganized and so inefficient and I have a terrible skin itch because of the water.I want to come home!"
   What Lara and other IT consultants meet on their first assignment abroad is a culture shock.While you can't prevent the culture shock from happening，you can take some measures to cut down its effects.

（1）What is the most difficult part for a foreign student？

A．Entering a famous school.
B．Finding a right place to live.
C．Adapting to the local culture.
D．Learning the foreign language.
（2）Which of the following can replace the underlined word "eliminated" in Paragraph 3？

A．Solved.
B．Measured.
C．Observed.
D．Removed.
（3）What happened to Lara when she arrived in Europe？

A．Her life got into a mess.
B．She worked more efficient than at home.
C．She couldn't get on well with her colleagues.
D．She was out of condition because of the weather.
（4）Why does the author describe Lara's experience？

A．To tell us how she manages to work well.
B．To explain to us what the culture shock is.
C．To show us how to adapt to the culture shock.
D．To show us where we'll meet with the culture shock.
發(fā)布：2024/11/4 11:30:2組卷：24引用：2難度：0.5
解析
3．The meaning of silence varies among cultural groups．Silences may be thoughtful，or they may be empty when a person has nothing to say．A silence in a conversation may also show stubbornness，or worry．Silence may be viewed by some cultural groups as extremely uncomfortable；therefore attempts may be made to fill every gap（間隙） with conversation．Persons in other cultural groups value silence and view it as necessary for understanding a person's needs．
   Many Native Americans value silence and feel it is a basic part of communicating among people，just as some traditional Chinese and Thai persons do．Therefore，when a person from one of these cultures is speaking and suddenly stops，what maybe implied（暗示） is that the person wants the listener to consider what has been said before continuing．In these cultures，silence is a call for reflection．
   Other cultures may use silence in other ways，particularly when dealing with conflicts among people or in relationships of people with different amounts of power．For example，Russian，F(xiàn)rench，and Spanish persons may use silence to show agreement between parties about the topic under discussion．However，Mexicans may use silence when instructions are given by a person in authority rather than be rude to that person by arguing with him or her．In still another use，persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect，particularly to an elder or a person in authority．
   Nurses and other care-givers need to be aware of the possible meanings of silence when they come across the personal anxiety their patients may be experiencing．Nurses should recognize their own personal and cultural construction of silence so that a patient's silence is not interrupted too early or allowed to go on unnecessarily．A nurse who understands the healing（治愈） value of silence can use this understanding to assist in the care of patients from their own and from other cultures．

（1）What does the author say about silence in conversations？

A．It implies anger．
B．It promotes friendship．
C．It is culture-specific．
D．It is content-based．
（2）Which of the following people might regard silence as a call for careful thought？

A．The Chinese．
B．The French．
C．The Mexicans．
D．The Russians．
（3）What does the author advise nurses to do about silence？

A．Let it continue as the patient pleases．
B．Break it while treating patients．
C．Evaluate its harm to patients．
D．Make use of its healing effects．
（4）What may be the best title for the text？

A．Sound and Silence
B．What It Means to Be Silent
C．Silence to Native Americans
D．Speech Is Silver；Silence Is Gold
發(fā)布：2024/11/2 15:0:1組卷：25引用：3難度：0.5
解析

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