當前位置：人教版（2019）必修3《Unit 1 Festivals and Celebrations》2021年同步練習卷（單元復習訓練）> 試題詳情

Every festival has its own meaning.Labour Day，for example，celebrates the value of hard work.Thanksgiving is about showing thanks to people around you.And St Valentine's Day is a time when you express love to your loved ones.But somehow it now seems that all festivals we just care about one thing-shopping.And that can be a big problem.
   "In a way，over-consumption（過度消費） is the mother of all our environmental problems，" Kalle Lasn once told CNN.Lasn is the organizer of Buy Nothing Day，a day set up in Canada in 1992 to fight against unhealthy spending habits，and has now become an international event.It's held on the day，which is known as Black Friday-a famous shopping day in the US and Canada.
   You can see the irony（諷刺） here.
   Even though the idea of Buy Nothing Day was brought up 26 years ago，we seem to need it now more than ever.It's just as Lasn said，all the different kinds of pollution in our lives today-bad air quality，the reduction of forest area，endangered animal species，and plastic bags found in the ocean-seem to be the same cause：over-consumption.
   The latest example is the Singles' Day shopping craze of Nov.11，which saw a new sales record.But as Nie Li，a campaigner at Greenpeace，told Reuters， "Record-setting over-consumption means record-setting waste." And it was reported that last year the Singles' Day packages left more than 160，000 tons of waste，including plastic and cardboard.The Collins dictionary has also just named "single-use" its Word of the Year，pointing out the problem that there're too many things we throw out after only using them once.
   So，Buy Nothing Day might only be here for one day a year，but it's not just to remind us to have a break from shopping on that day，but to change our lifestyle completely，focusing on fun "with people we care about" rather than wasting money on useless things.

（1）What's the author's purpose of writing the first paragraph？
D
D

A．To express people's love for all festivals.
B．To talk about the meaning of the festivals.
C．To appreciate the value of the festivals.
D．To bring out the topic of the passage.
（2）Why did Kalle Lasn organize Buy Nothing Day？
C
C

A．To help people save money.
B．To cut the costs for daily life.
C．To prevent over-consumption.
D．To set up a new sales record.
（3）What's Nie Li's attitude towards the shopping craze？
A
A

A．Opposed （反對的）.
B．Supportive.
C．Unknown.
D．Neutral（中立的）.
（4）What can be a suitable title for the passage？
B
B

A．Creating a new lifestyle
B．Buy Nothing Day
C．Festivals around the world
D．A change in people's life

【考點】社會；說明文．

【答案】D；C；A；B

【解答】

【點評】

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發(fā)布：2024/6/27 10:35:59組卷：5引用：1難度：0.6

相似題

1．When Mark Levine，an English-language instructor at Beijing's Minzu University of China，was first invited to attend a Chinese colleague's wedding in Jiangsu province in 2017，his second year in China，the California native was ready to present a small decorative gift for the new couple as he used to do in the United States．
   However，his gesture suddenly didn't seem proper as he realized the Chinese at the ceremony had red envelopes filled with cash to present rather than a packed gift．
   "It's a little bit embarrassing when you present something that people didn't expect to receive on certain occasions，" Levine，who used to be a social worker in the US，told China Daily recently．
   "In the US，people do that as well but only for close relatives．People would normally give things as presents，while here in China red envelopes are more commonly welcomed．"
   It was the first time the 66-year-old discovered the ceremony-including taboos（禁忌）-in gift giving．He was not alone，as the recent argument following a British minister's visit to Taipei，Taiwan，revealed．
   British Minister of State for Transport Baroness Susan Kramer presented a watch in January to Ko Wen-je，mayor of Taipei，when she visited the city，immediately sparking headlines as she broke a long-held taboo in Chinese culture．
  A clock or watch，or zhong in Mandarin，signifies "the end" in Chinese，and many associate it with death．Therefore，giving someone，especially an elder，a clock or watch implies "your time is up"．
   Kramer later apologized for the gaffe（失禮），but Ko was also blamed for his "rude" response as he told reporters that he had no use for the watch and would sell it for cash．
   However，some foreigners in China，such as Mark Dreyer，support Ko in this particular debate． "When I heard about the story，I felt embarrassed，" said Dreyer，a British citizen who has lived and worked in China since 2007． "After all， 'don't give clocks or watches to your hosts' is on page 1 of most China travel guides．I'm embarrassed by the lack of respect shown by the British for not even reading about the customs ahead of time．"

（1）What does the underlined word "that" in Paragraph3 refer to？

A．Presenting gifts．
B．Giving cash．
C．Attending weddings．
D．Receiving money．
（2）How did the public view Ko's response to the gift？

A．They considered it a smart move．
B．They believed he had no other choice．
C．They saw it as a rudeness．
D．They thought it proper．
（3）What was Dreyer's attitude to the British Minister's gift？

A．Negative．
B．Supportive．
C．Positive．
D．Doubtful．
（4）What can we learn from the passage？

A．Presenting red envelopes is a bad custom in China．
B．British know nothing about Chinese customs．
C．Americans don't expect to receive cashes as gifts．
D．Chinese don't expect to receive clocks as gifts．
發(fā)布：2024/10/27 17:0:2組卷：1引用：2難度：0.5
解析
2．Cultural rules determine every aspect of food consumption.Who eats together defines social units.For example，in some societies，the nuclear family is the unit that regularly eats together.The anthropologist Mary Douglas has pointed out that，for the English，the kind of meal and the kind of food that is served relate to the kinds of social links between people who are eating together.She distinguishes between regular meals，Sunday meals when relatives may come，and cocktail parties for relatives and friends.The food served symbolizes the occasion and reflects who is present.For example，only snacks are served at a cocktail party.It would be inappropriate to serve a steak or hamburgers.The distinctions among cocktails，regular meals，and special dinners mark the social boundaries between those guests who are invited for drinks，those who are invited to dinner，and those who come to a family meal.In this example，the type of food symbolizes the category of guest and with whom it is eaten.
   In some New Guinea societies，the nuclear family is not the unit that eats together.The men take their meals in a men's house，separately from their wives and children.Women prepare and eat their food in their own houses and take the husband's portion to the men's house.The women eat with their children in their own houses.This pattern is also widespread among Near Eastern societies.
   Eating is a metaphor that is sometimes used to signify marriage.In many New Guinea societies，like that of the Lesu on the island of New Ireland in the Pacific and that of the Trobriand Islanders，marriage is symbolized by the couple's eating together for the first time.Eating symbolizes their new status as a married couple.In U.S.society，it is just the reverse.A couple may go out to dinner on a first date.
   Other cultural rules have to do with taboos against eating certain things.In some societies，members of a family group，are not allowed to eat the animal or bird that is their totemic ancestor.Since they believe themselves to be descended from that ancestor，it would be like eating that ancestor or eating themselves.
   There is also an association between food prohibitions and rank，which is found in its most extreme form in the caste system of India.A caste system consists of ranked groups，each with a different economic specialization.In India，there is an association between caste and the idea of pollution.Members of highly ranked groups can be polluted by coming into contact with the bodily secretions，particularly saliva（唾液），of individuals of lower-ranked castes.Because of the fear of pollution，Brahmans and other high-ranked individuals will not share food with，not eat from the same plate as，not even accept food from an individual or from a low-ranking class.

（1）According to the passage，who will NOT eat together？

A．Men and women in Near Eastern societies.
B．The English during regular meals.
C．Americans on their first date.
D．Newly-married people on the island of New Ireland.
（2）In Paragraph 4，the underlined word "taboos" means

.
A．favors
B．gossips
C．hatred
D．prohibitions
（3）According to the passage，eating together indicates all the following EXCEPT

.
A．social relations
B．marital status
C．the type of food
D．family ties
（4）What is the main idea of the passage？

A．Different kinds of food in western countries.
B．Relations between food and social units.
C．Symbolic meanings of different kinds of food.
D．Food consumption in different cultures.
發(fā)布：2024/10/27 17:0:2組卷：0引用：1難度：0.5
解析
3．Sometimes you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible．However，chances are that you don't act on your impulse （沖動），but let it pass instead．You know that to take the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior．
   Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years，how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time．Topics such as death，for example，were once considered so upsetting that it was a taboo to even talk about them．Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye，people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and，as a result，are more willing to talk about this taboo subject．
   One of the newest taboos is the topic of fat．Unlike many other taboos，fat is a topic that people talk about constantly．It's not taboo to talk about fat；it's taboo to be fat．The "in" look is thin，not fat．In the work world，most companies prefer youthful-looking，slim manager to sell their image as well as their products to the public．The thin look is associated with youth，vigor，and success．The fat person，on the other hand，is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy，self-discipline and self-respect．After all，how can people permit themselves to become fat？In an image-conscious society，thin is "in"，fat is "out"．
   It's not surprising that millions of people have become obsessed （著迷） with staying slim and "in shape"．The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not，however，the only reason for people's obsession with diet and exercise．Recent research has shown the importance of diet and exercise for personal health．As in most technologically developed nations，the life-style of people has changed since last century．Modern machines do all the physical labor．Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point．As a result of inactivity and disuse，people's bodies can easily become weak．In an effort to avoid such a fate （命運），millions of people are spending more of their time exercising．Parks are filled with joggers and bicyclists，and many companies are providing special exercise equipment for their employees to use during the work day．

（1）What does the word "taboo'' refer to in the passage？

A．A crime committed on impulse．
B．An unfavorable impression left on other people．
C．A strong desire to do something strange or terrible．
D．Behavior considered unacceptable to the society．
（2）What does the underlined phrase "in" look probably mean？

A．The fashionable look．
B．The hidden look．
C．The usual look．
D．The inside look．
（3）According to the passage，the common belief is that．

A．fat people are full of energy
B．thin people are more successful
C．fat people prefer to have fat bosses
D．thin people are less image-conscious
（4）People pay more attention to diet and exercise because of．

A．their need to kill time
B．their love for sports
C．their concern for health
D．their belief in hard work
發(fā)布：2024/10/27 17:0:2組卷：2引用：1難度：0.5
解析

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